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东干语是中亚东干族人所使用的语言,它来源于我国晚清时期西北回民汉语方言,是近代汉语在中国境外的分支或变体。1877至1884年间,我国西北部分回民由于政治和民族矛盾方面的原因,历尽艰辛分批进入中亚,长期生活在多民族人群中间。在多民族共处、多语言相间、多文化渗透的客观环境里,东干语各语言要素都发生了比较明显的变异:语音里增加了新的音位;词汇中借入了不少俄语、突厥语、波斯和阿拉伯语外来借词;有些语法形式和语法现象也带有俄语的印迹。这些变异现象都是东干语在和多民族语言的接触中产生的。东干语的变异现象,不仅使它产生了诸多亚文化特征,而且也促进了东干族人民和中亚各民族的融合,促进了中亚各民族文化的共同繁荣和发展。
Donggan language is the language used by Donggan people in Central Asia. It originates from the Chinese dialects of northwestern Hui people in the late Qing Dynasty in China and is a branch or variation of modern Chinese outside China. From 1877 to 1884, due to political and ethnic conflicts, some Muslims in the northwest of our country went through hardships and batches in Central Asia and lived in the middle of many ethnic groups for a long time. In the multi-ethnic coexistence, multi-language and multi-cultural infiltration of the objective environment, the East Gangan language elements have undergone a more significant variation: the voice of a new phoneme; Borrow a lot of vocabulary, Russian, Turkic , Persian and Arabic foreign borrowings; some grammatical forms and grammatical phenomena are also imprinted in Russian. These variations are the result of Donggan language’s engagement with multi-ethnic languages. The variation of Donggan language not only produced many subcultures but also facilitated the integration of the Donggan people and all ethnic groups in Central Asia and promoted the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups in Central Asia.