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在未开挖到特殊地质边界和含水层之前可用反射法和地温测量来预测它们的位置。在日本中部穿过中央构造线的隧道掘进中就进行了这种测定。反射法的原理是在隧道工作面上用小药量爆炸产生P波(纵波)。利用直达波和反射波的传播时间来预测速度变化界面的位置。用置于工作面钻孔中的温差电偶来测量地温。利用测量值与由平均地温梯度确定的理论值之间的温差来预测含水层的位置。还进行了水质调查来分析裂隙水的水质。此外利用地震层析技术,还可证实所发现的剪切带是含透镜状低速带的岩层。并认为这些方法是从隧道内进行地质预报的简单而有效的方法。
Prediction of their location can be made using reflection and geothermal surveys prior to excavation into special geological boundaries and aquifers. This was done in tunneling through the central tectonic line in central Japan. The principle of the reflection method is to generate P wave (longitudinal wave) with a small amount of explosive on the tunnel face. Predict the location of the velocity change interface using the propagation time of direct and reflected waves. The ground temperature is measured with a thermocouple placed in the drilled hole in the face. The temperature of the aquifer is predicted using the temperature difference between the measured value and the theoretical value determined from the average geothermal gradient. Water quality surveys were also conducted to analyze the quality of fissure water. In addition, the use of seismic tomography, also confirmed that the shear zone is found to contain lenticular low-velocity zone rock. And consider these methods as simple and effective methods of geological prediction from within tunnels.