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目的:为尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜行截骨手术入路提供解剖学依据。方法:选用成年上肢防腐标本男女各20侧。观察尺骨鹰嘴解剖形态并测量相关结构参数,侧位X-线片测量并确定截骨角度,综合确定截骨平面,完成截骨和固定试验。结果①尺骨鹰嘴关节侧为半弧形,背侧骨质为接近直角弯曲的鹰嘴突,断面呈尖端向关节的扇形,肱三头肌腱止于鹰嘴尖与鹰嘴突之间的局限区域,男、女性结构形态相同。②测得肱三头肌腱止点长度、止点宽度、肌腱近缘处鹰嘴骨质厚度、肌腱远缘处鹰嘴骨质厚度、鹰嘴尖至肱三头肌腱近缘距离,男女分别为:(21.63±1.59)mm,(18.61±1.62mm);(23.56±1.33)mm,(20.69±1.77)mm;(8.38±0.76)mm,(7.33±0.74)mm;(20.78±1.40)mm,(17.62±1.32)mm;(9.00±0.86)mm,(7.39±0.90)mm;男女尺骨鹰嘴相关结构参数存在性别差异(P<0.05)。③经尺骨鹰嘴肱三头肌腱止点近侧缘与尺骨近端背侧呈(134.82±4.9)°夹角的冠状面为截骨面。④截骨后固定方便牢固。结论:经尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜行截骨手术入路可行,有较好的临床实用价值。
Objective: To provide an anatomical basis for the olecranon osteotomy operation. Methods: Male and female adult upper limbs were selected 20 specimens. Observe the anatomical structure of the olecranon and measure the relevant structural parameters, lateral X-ray measurements and determine the angle of osteotomy, osteotomy plane integrated to complete the osteotomy and fixation tests. Results The ulnar olecranon joint was semi-arcuate and the dorsal bone was olecranon close to right angle. The cross section was pointed to the sector of the joint. The triceps tendon terminated only in the confined area between the olecranon tip and the olecranon , Male and female structure the same shape. ② Measured triceps tendon only point length, the width of the stop point, tendon bone thickness at the edge of the tendon, tendon tendon distal bone thickness, the tip of the triceps brachii toe distance, men and women were: (21.63 ± 1.59) mm, (18.61 ± 1.62mm), (23.56 ± 1.33) mm, (20.69 ± 1.77) mm, (8.38 ± 0.76) mm, (7.33 ± 0.74) mm, (20.78 ± 1.40) mm, (9.00 ± 0.86) mm and (7.39 ± 0.90) mm, respectively. There was a gender difference in the relative structural parameters of male and female olecranon (P <0.05). (3) The coronal plane with the angle of (134.82 ± 4.9) ° from the proximal edge of ulnar triceps tendon and the proximal dorsal ulna was the osteotomy plane. ④ osteotomy fixed easy and firm. Conclusion: Oblique osteotomy via the olecranon joint is feasible and has good clinical value.