不同的企业理论根植于不同的学术传统。本文对关于企业的经典理论和观点进行对比和分析,考察了(新)古典学派、契约主义传统以及基于奈特传统的主要企业理论。从根本上讲,(新)古典源于古典的分工传统;契约主义关于企业的理论观点在很大程度上根植于科斯开创的交易费用传统;而基于风险配置的企业理论则属于奈特主义传统。 Different business theories are rooted in different academic traditions. This article compares and analyzes the classical theories and perspectives on firms, examining the (neo-) classical schools, the tradition of contractualism, and the major corporate theories based on the Knight tradition. Fundamentally, the (new) classics stems from the classical tradition of division of labor. The contractarian theoretical view of enterprises is largely rooted in the tradition of transaction costs pioneered by Coase. The business theory based on risk allocation belongs to the tradition of the Neolithic .