河川径流参数是用于地表水资源评估、全球变化监测和生态环境保护的基础数据。现有的河川径流监测数据基于水文监测站点获取。近年来,受经济和政治原因的影响,全球水文监测站点在逐渐减少。随着全球变化研究对区域乃至全球水文监测数据需求的增加,监测站点有限及监测数据格式多样等问题逐渐凸显。过去15年,卫星遥感技术在河川径流监测领域的研究和应用实践,使上述问题的解决成为了可能。总结了河川径流遥感监测方法和技术研究进展,包括地基高低频雷达、航空航天雷达和多光谱卫星遥感监测3个方面;介绍了全球大型河川径流与湖泊水体动态监测重大应用成果及未来研究计划。指出在未来具有全天时、全天候,高时空分辨率,以及多水文要素探测能力遥感卫星发射之前,应充分利用遥感野外观测实验,完善河川径流监测技术方法,并综合应用已有高时空分辨率的多光谱和微波遥感数据,开展径流监测应用研究。 River runoff parameters are the basic data for surface water resources assessment, global change monitoring and ecological environment protection. Existing river runoff monitoring data are obtained from hydrological monitoring sites. In recent years, due to economic and political reasons, global hydrological monitoring sites are gradually decreasing. With the increasing demand for regional and even global hydrological monitoring data from global change research, the problems such as the limited monitoring stations and the diversified monitoring data formats have become increasingly prominent. Over the past 15 years, the research and application of satellite remote sensing technology in river runoff monitoring have made the solution to the above problems possible. This paper summarizes the research progress of river runoff remote sensing monitoring methods and technologies, including three aspects: high and low frequency radar, aerospace radars and multispectral satellite remote sensing monitoring. The major application achievements and future research plans of large-scale global runoff and lake water dynamic monitoring are introduced. It is pointed out that remote sensing field observation experiment should be fully utilized to improve the technique of river flow monitoring before the all-weather, all-weather and high resolution of space-time and remote sensing satellite with multi-hydrological element detection ability are launched in the future. The high temporal and spatial resolution Multi-spectral and microwave remote sensing data to carry out runoff monitoring applications.