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香港自古以来就是中国的领土,一八四○年鸦片战争以后被英国占领。一九八四年十二月十九日,中英两国政府签署了《中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明》,确认中华人民共和国政府于一九九七年七月一日恢复对香港行使主权。香港回归在即,为了迎接香港回归特撰此文。本文拟就“九七”前后香港法律的构成和特点做一简要介绍和对比。 “九七”之前:多元化的混合体 英国占领香港以后,即大量引入英国法,同时也沿用中国法。后来,香港立法机关又结合本港情况制定了大量的适用于香港地区的法律。这样,香港法律主要由三个部分组成:一是英国法律;二:是中国传统的法律和习惯;三是香港本地法。在这三个部分中,英国法律是基础,香港本地法是主干,中国的传统的法律和习惯起补充作用。
Hong Kong has been China’s territory since ancient times. It was occupied by Britain after the Opium War in 1840. On December 19, 1984, the Chinese and British Governments signed the Joint Declaration on the Hong Kong Issue by the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, confirming that the government of the People’s Republic of China Resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1. Hong Kong’s return soon, in order to meet Hong Kong’s return to special author this article. This article intends to make a brief introduction and comparison of the constitution and characteristics of Hong Kong law before and after 1997. Before 1997: A Diversified Mixture After the British occupation of Hong Kong, a large number of British laws were introduced and the Chinese laws were followed. Later, the legislature of Hong Kong formulated a large number of laws applicable to Hong Kong in the light of Hong Kong’s situation. Thus, the laws of Hong Kong are mainly composed of three parts: First, the British law; second: the traditional Chinese laws and customs; third is Hong Kong’s local law. In these three parts, English law is the foundation, Hong Kong’s local law is the backbone, and China’s traditional laws and customs supplement.