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目的观察基于低血糖指数(LGI)和低血糖负荷(LGL)相结合的营养干预对老年糖尿病血糖和血脂的影响。方法选择南京市第二医院2型糖尿病患者100例,采用随机抽样法将患者分为实验组50例和对照组50例,实验组采用LGI和LGL相结合的饮食教育;对照组采用食物交换份法进行指导。比较两组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)及血脂等变化情况。结果饮食控制后体重、BMI、腰围、臀围均比控制前降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),而W/H干预前后没有统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组干预前后各指标虽有所改变,但差异未见统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与干预前和同期对照组相比,实验组干预后的FPG、2h PG及Hb A1c水平降低(P均<0.05),对照组干预前后各指标虽有所改变,但差异未见统计学意义(P均>0.05)。干预后实验组血TC、LDL-C、TG较对照组均明显降低(P均<0.05);血HDL较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),对照组干预前后各指标虽有所改变,但未见统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论基于LGI和LGL相结合的饮食干预模式优于传统的食物交换份法,不仅易被老年糖尿病患者接受,且有利于控制血糖、血脂水平。
Objective To observe the effects of nutritional intervention based on the combination of low glycemic index (LGI) and low glycemic load (LGL) on blood glucose and blood lipid in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from the Second Hospital of Nanjing. Random sampling method was used to divide the patients into experimental group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases). The experimental group adopted the combination of LGI and LGL diet education. The control group Law guidance. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial 2h PG, Hb A1c and blood lipid levels were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in weight, BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference before and after diet control (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference before and after W / H intervention (P> 0.05) Although the indicators before and after the change, but the difference was not statistically significant (P all> 0.05). The levels of FPG, 2h PG and Hb A1c in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group before and at the same period (P <0.05), while those in the control group before and after the intervention were changed, but the differences were not statistically significant P> 0.05). Compared with the control group, the TC, LDL-C and TG in the experimental group were significantly decreased after intervention (all P <0.05); the HDL in serum was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05) But no statistical significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion The diet intervention model based on the combination of LGI and LGL is superior to the traditional food exchange method, which is not only easily accepted by elderly patients with diabetes, but also beneficial to control blood sugar and blood lipid levels.