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近年来,开发新药的费用愈来愈高,有报导,1992年世界范围制药公司化在研究与开发(R&D)的费用,总计达265亿美元,比1991年的242亿美元上升9%,比1990年的220亿美元上升20.6%。而在工980年初统计,全球的此项费用仅80亿美元左右。过去12年里,每年的新化学实体(NCE)保持在35～45个之间,每个NCE自1980年的8000万美元升至1985年的13600万美元,1990年的23000万美元。制药公司在R&D上投入大量大量的金钱,但进展缓慢,在200个不同治疗领域里研究过的新药,统计有6000个候选新药,但仅700个有可能使之上市。 IMS的子公司MMSL的经理GrahamLewis在美国药学医师协会的一次报告中说,
In recent years, the cost of developing new drugs has increased. It has been reported that in 1992 the costs of worldwide pharmaceutical companies in research and development (R&D) totaled US$26.5 billion, which was 9% higher than the US$24.2 billion in 1991. The $22 billion in 1990 rose by 20.6%. The statistics at the beginning of the work 980, the global cost of only about 8 billion US dollars. Over the past 12 years, the annual New Chemical Entities (NCEs) have remained between 35 and 45, and each NCE has risen from 80 million U.S. dollars in 1980 to 136 million U.S. dollars in 1985 and to 230 million U.S. dollars in 1990. Pharmaceutical companies are investing large sums of money in R&D, but progress has been slow. There are 6,000 new drug candidates that have been studied in 200 different therapeutic areas, but only 700 are likely to be marketed. Graham Lewis, the manager of IMS’s subsidiary MMSL, said in a report to the American Association of Pharmacists that