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利用青海省三江源区玛多县1990年前后Landsat TM影像、2000年前后Landsat ETM+影像和2010年前后HJ-1A/B卫星影像以及DEM和地形图等,建立玛多县湿地分类体系;目视解译提取湿地信息;利用湿地解译结果和湿地类型面积转移矩阵,对玛多县近20a来湿地面积的变化进行评价;结合气象数据和统计数据初步探讨了玛多县近20a来湿地变化的原因。结果表明,3个时期玛多县湿地总面积分别是3460.250km2、3158.223km2和3398.597km2;湿地面积变化总体趋势是先减后增,前十年沼泽的面积变化最大,其次是湖泊和河流;后十年湖泊面积变化最大,其次是沼泽和河流。影响玛多县湿地变化的自然因素为气温、降水量以及鼠害,人为因素为过度放牧、旅游开发和三江源生态保护工程的实施。
The Maduo County wetland classification system was established by using Landsat TM images before and after 1990 in Maduo County, Qinghai Province, Landsat ETM + images before and after 2000, and HJ-1A / B satellite images before and after 2010, as well as DEM and topographic maps. Interpreting and extracting wetland information; using wetland interpretation results and wetland type area transfer matrixes to evaluate the wetland area changes in Maduo County in recent 20 years; and combining the meteorological data and statistics data, the wetland changes in Maduo County in recent 20 years the reason. The results showed that the total area of the wetlands in Maduo County was 3460.250km2, 3158.223km2 and 3398.597km2 respectively in three periods. The general trend of the wetland changes was firstly reduced and then increased, the area of marshes changed the most in the first ten years, followed by lakes and rivers, The area of lakes changed most in ten years, followed by swamps and rivers. The natural factors that affect Maduo County wetland change are temperature, precipitation and rodent infestation. Human factors include overgrazing, tourism development and the implementation of the Sanjiangyuan Ecological Protection Project.