马克思主义认为,一切社会劳动或共同劳动都或多或少需要管理。从人类原始氏族部落的简单劳动到现代化的社会化大生产,从国家有序治理、社会活动顺利进行,再到部门、企业,都离不开管理。而管理科学则是指对管理理论的系统化、规范化、科学化。使之产生于管理活动,应用于管理活动,并在管理实践中修正和完善管理理论。管理这一职能活动主要有计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制、激励等管理要素组成。计划是管理职能中的一个重要的要素。预见和计划是管理所必须的。计划的依据应该是所拥有的资源,包括人力资源和物力资源;目前进行工作的性质和将来发展的趋向;并应考虑各级人员的意见。一个良好的计划应该具有统一性、连续性、灵活性、精确性等特点。组织主要包括组织机构、人员配备、训 Marxism believes that all social labor or common labor needs to be managed more or less. From simple labor of the primitive tribe of mankind to large-scale modernized social production, it is indispensable for management to proceed smoothly from the state’s orderly management and social activities to departments and enterprises. Management science refers to the systematic, standardized and scientific management theory. Make it come from management activities, apply to management activities, and correct and perfect management theory in management practice. The main functions of management of this planning, organization, command, coordination, control, incentives and other management elements. Planning is an important element of the management function. Foresight and planning are necessary for management. The basis of the plan should be the resources it possesses, including human and material resources; the nature of the work being carried out and the trend of its future development; and the opinions of all levels of personnel should be taken into consideration. A good plan should be uniform, continuous, flexible, precise and so on. Organizations include organizations, staffing, training