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1.1887年,著名的法国数学家贝特朗(J.Betrand)提出并解决了下述问题:“有甲、乙两个候选人参加竞选。假设投票结果是甲得n票,乙得m票,且n>m。按惯例,开票时选票是一张一张地读出的,直至全部选票读完。假定开票时选票的排列是完全随机的,即各种排列方式是等可能的。求在整个开票过程中,甲累计所得票数始终超过乙累计所得票数的概率。”这个问题即被称为投票问题。它曾吸引过不少数学家去研究它,产生了许多解法,还被进
In 1.1887, the famous French mathematician J.Betrand proposed and solved the following questions: “There are two candidates, A and B, who will participate in the election. Suppose that the result of the vote is a vote of n, b of m. And n>m. According to the convention, the ballots are read out one by one at the time of invoicing, until all the ballots have been read. It is assumed that the arrangement of the ballots at the time of invoicing is completely random, that is, various arrangements are possible. Throughout the entire billing process, A’s cumulative number of votes consistently exceeded the probability of B’s cumulative number of votes.” This issue is known as the voting issue. It had attracted a few experts to study it, produced many solutions, and was