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时间状语从句
状语从句是副词性从句，在句子中作为状语修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly...when, no sooner...than, the moment和by the time等引导词引导的状语从句称为时间状语从句。
1. 由when，while，as引导的时间状语从句
When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays.
我住在那里的时候星期天总会到海边去。
While we were watching TV she was reading a book.
当我们在看电视的时候她在看书。
As the sun rose the fog dispersed.
太阳升起时雾气就散开来。
辨析：比较when，while和as引导的状语从句
(1) when引导状语从句时，主句和从句的动作可分先后发生，也可同时发生；从句的谓语动词为延续性或非延续性动词。例如：
When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
当我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了。
When I lived in the city, I used to get up early.
我住在城里的时候早上起得很早。
(2) while引导状语从句时，主句和从句的动作同时发生，且从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。例如：
I like drinking tea while he likes drinking coffee.
我喜欢喝茶，而他喜欢喝咖啡。
While we were chatting she was looking at the clock on the wall．
我们在谈话的时候她正盯着墙上的钟。
注意：
when和while还可做并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”和“然而”。例如：
I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang．
我正在沙发上休息，就在这时电话响了。
They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldn’t.
他们惊讶于这个小孩能解决问题然而他们却不能。
(3) as引导状语从句表示“一边……一边……”，从句谓语动词为延续性动词，强调主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行。例如：
Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast.
有时候我一边看电视一边吃饭。
2. 由before和after引导的时间状语从句
(1) before引导的从句谓语动词不用否定形式，且当从句位于主句之后before译成“就，才”。注意主从句的时间关系：当主句使用将来时，从句多用现在时；当从句使用过去时，主句多用过去完成时。
例如：
It will be nine hours before the plane arrives.
还有九个小时飞机才到达。
They had been married for half year before they had a baby.
他们结婚半年就有了小孩。
(2) after引导的时间状语中，从句动作发生在主句动作之前。例如：
After we had finished our dinner, we watched TV for a while.
吃过晚餐之后，我们看了一会儿电视。
3. 由till和until引导的时间状语从句中，till和until一般情况下可互换，但强调句中多用until。till不可位于句首，until则可以。例如：
My brother didn’t go to bed until (till) my father came home.
直到父亲回家我弟弟才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to talk to me.
直到散会之后他才开始跟我说话。
4. 由since引导的时间状语从句，当从句使用过去时，主句多用现在完成时。但在It is + 时间 + since句型中，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时。
I have been in Shanghai since I graduated.
我毕业以后一直在上海。
It is/has been three weeks since my mom came to visit me.
我妈妈到这儿来看我已经有三个星期了。
5. as soon as, hardly...when, no sooner...than和the moment引导时间状语从句时意为“一……就”。例如：
As soon as I arrive in Beijing, I’ll write to you.
我一到北京就给你写信。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
注意：
hardly...when和no sooner...than主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
6. 由by the time引导的状语从句，一般情况下从句使用一般过去时，主句多用过去完成时；从句使用一般现在时，主句多用将来完成时。例如：
By the time I came back, my mom had made the dinner.
我回家时，我母亲已经把晚饭做好了。
By the time you come tomorrow, I will have finished the work.
你明天来这儿的时候，我工作已经完成了。
省略句
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法分析，句子应该具备的成分有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中省略，这样的句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences）。
1. 省略主语
(I) Beg your pardon.（我）请你再说一遍。
(It) Doesn’t matter. 没关系。
(It) Sounds fine to me.（它）听起来不错。
2. 省略谓语
(Is there) Anything you want? 你需要什么东西吗？
(Does) Anybody need help? 有人需要帮忙吗？
(Are) You hungry? 你饿吗？
3. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）
(1) — How many books do you want? 你要几本书？
— (I want) Three books, please. 三本，谢谢。
(2) (Come) This way, please. 请这边走。
(3) (Are you) Looking for me? （你在）找我吗？
4. 省略连词
I believe (that) you will success. 我相信你会成功。
I’m sure (that) she’ll tell you. 我确信她会告诉你。
此外，尚有其他形式的省略，如if possible/necessary等，将在以后有关模块进行归纳。
状语从句是副词性从句，在句子中作为状语修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly...when, no sooner...than, the moment和by the time等引导词引导的状语从句称为时间状语从句。
1. 由when，while，as引导的时间状语从句
When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays.
我住在那里的时候星期天总会到海边去。
While we were watching TV she was reading a book.
当我们在看电视的时候她在看书。
As the sun rose the fog dispersed.
太阳升起时雾气就散开来。
辨析：比较when，while和as引导的状语从句
(1) when引导状语从句时，主句和从句的动作可分先后发生，也可同时发生；从句的谓语动词为延续性或非延续性动词。例如：
When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
当我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了。
When I lived in the city, I used to get up early.
我住在城里的时候早上起得很早。
(2) while引导状语从句时，主句和从句的动作同时发生，且从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。例如：
I like drinking tea while he likes drinking coffee.
我喜欢喝茶，而他喜欢喝咖啡。
While we were chatting she was looking at the clock on the wall．
我们在谈话的时候她正盯着墙上的钟。
注意：
when和while还可做并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”和“然而”。例如：
I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang．
我正在沙发上休息，就在这时电话响了。
They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldn’t.
他们惊讶于这个小孩能解决问题然而他们却不能。
(3) as引导状语从句表示“一边……一边……”，从句谓语动词为延续性动词，强调主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行。例如：
Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast.
有时候我一边看电视一边吃饭。
2. 由before和after引导的时间状语从句
(1) before引导的从句谓语动词不用否定形式，且当从句位于主句之后before译成“就，才”。注意主从句的时间关系：当主句使用将来时，从句多用现在时；当从句使用过去时，主句多用过去完成时。
例如：
It will be nine hours before the plane arrives.
还有九个小时飞机才到达。
They had been married for half year before they had a baby.
他们结婚半年就有了小孩。
(2) after引导的时间状语中，从句动作发生在主句动作之前。例如：
After we had finished our dinner, we watched TV for a while.
吃过晚餐之后，我们看了一会儿电视。
3. 由till和until引导的时间状语从句中，till和until一般情况下可互换，但强调句中多用until。till不可位于句首，until则可以。例如：
My brother didn’t go to bed until (till) my father came home.
直到父亲回家我弟弟才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to talk to me.
直到散会之后他才开始跟我说话。
4. 由since引导的时间状语从句，当从句使用过去时，主句多用现在完成时。但在It is + 时间 + since句型中，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时。
I have been in Shanghai since I graduated.
我毕业以后一直在上海。
It is/has been three weeks since my mom came to visit me.
我妈妈到这儿来看我已经有三个星期了。
5. as soon as, hardly...when, no sooner...than和the moment引导时间状语从句时意为“一……就”。例如：
As soon as I arrive in Beijing, I’ll write to you.
我一到北京就给你写信。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
注意：
hardly...when和no sooner...than主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
6. 由by the time引导的状语从句，一般情况下从句使用一般过去时，主句多用过去完成时；从句使用一般现在时，主句多用将来完成时。例如：
By the time I came back, my mom had made the dinner.
我回家时，我母亲已经把晚饭做好了。
By the time you come tomorrow, I will have finished the work.
你明天来这儿的时候，我工作已经完成了。
省略句
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法分析，句子应该具备的成分有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中省略，这样的句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences）。
1. 省略主语
(I) Beg your pardon.（我）请你再说一遍。
(It) Doesn’t matter. 没关系。
(It) Sounds fine to me.（它）听起来不错。
2. 省略谓语
(Is there) Anything you want? 你需要什么东西吗？
(Does) Anybody need help? 有人需要帮忙吗？
(Are) You hungry? 你饿吗？
3. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）
(1) — How many books do you want? 你要几本书？
— (I want) Three books, please. 三本，谢谢。
(2) (Come) This way, please. 请这边走。
(3) (Are you) Looking for me? （你在）找我吗？
4. 省略连词
I believe (that) you will success. 我相信你会成功。
I’m sure (that) she’ll tell you. 我确信她会告诉你。
此外，尚有其他形式的省略，如if possible/necessary等，将在以后有关模块进行归纳。