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在渤海湾西南部这一段海岸线上,有黄河自山东北部入海,而且每年挟带大量泥沙倾入本区。据近年统计,平均每年达10.6亿吨,数量是可观的。这些泥沙,除一部分随海流带至远深处以外,大部分沉积于沿海滩涂。多年沉淤的结果,使这一带海岸线泥沙漠漠,深水线(-10米以深)距岸边功辄十几公里甚至几十公里。黄河尾闾又经常摆动改道,目前自鲁北的清水沟流入菜州湾,这时黄河口以北的海岸沉淤补给影响减小,三、四十年后黄河仍不可避免地要摆到神仙沟以北,这对渤海湾西部当更严重。加之在这漫长平缓的海滩上海水含泥量大,由于人为地打破其自然平衡,海洋动力致使挖深的部位极易淤平,某些河流河口自然形成的拦门沙也是如此。这些问题都是在本区内建港要慎重研究认真对待的。黄骅县大口河港当然不能例外。在大口河建港,亦面临着回淤问题、航道开挖及拦门沙问题,以及从而引起的工程造价与投资问题,这些是不能小看的。尤其是三、四十年后黄河口北摆,大口河港首当其冲,情况将更严重。这些问题我们在建设天津港的实践中是有体会的,不采取得力措施,港池、航道的淤积在所难免。从企图挖深拦门沙的意图着想,五十年代前后,《浚利》《快利》轮挖“大沽坝”几年的实施情况还历历在目。近年来天津港采取了减轻回淤措施,得以使天津港的面貌改观。其建设经验与教训拟可借鉴。如何建设大口河港,确实存在着重大问题,有待于我们认真地加以分析。索维垣工程师提出了明确的观点,值得我们思考、研究。全国大型港口要陆续下放以地方省、市管理为主,河北省将拥有秦皇岛港,大口河又与天津港距离不及百公里,在目前国家的财力物力条件下,短期内有无向深水大港发展的必要?似亦应斟酌。
On the coastline in the southwest of Bohai Bay, the Yellow River enters the sea from the northern part of Shandong Province and dumped a large amount of sediment into the area every year. According to statistics in recent years, the average annual volume of 1.06 billion tons is considerable. Most of the sediment, except for part of the sediment carried along with the currents, is deposited along the beach. The result of many years of sedimentation and silting makes the coastline muddy and deserted. The deep-water line (-10 meters deep) is more than a dozen kilometers or even tens of kilometers from the shore. The Yellow River tailings often swung and diverted the current flow of fresh water from Lubei to Cai Zhou Bay. At this time, the influence of siltation and sedimentation on the coast north of the Yellow River mouth reduced. After three or four decades, the Yellow River still inevitably placed itself in the fairy North of the ditch, which is more serious for the western Bohai Bay. Coupled with the long sandy beaches of muddy water, due to artificially break its natural balance, the power of the sea caused by deep excavation of the site easily silt, some of the natural formation of estuarine barren sand as well. These problems are to be seriously studied in Hong Kong when establishing a port in this area. Huanghua County Dakouhe River, of course, can not be an exception. The construction of a port in the Dakou River also faces the problems of siltation, the problem of waterway excavation and barging of sandstorms, and the project cost and investment caused thereby. These can not be underestimated. In particular, after three or four decades, the Yellow River Mouth and the northern part of the mouth of the Dagu Kou River bear the brunt of the situation will be more serious. These problems we have in the construction of Tianjin Port experience is not realized, do not take effective measures, siltation of the harbor, the fairway is inevitable. From the intent of digging deep into the desert, the implementation of the “Dagu Dam” excavation by “Junli” and “Kua Li” around the 1950s was still vivid. In recent years, Tianjin Port has taken measures to reduce back silting, to make the face of Tianjin Port changed. Its construction experience and lessons can be drawn. How to build Dakouhekou Port does exist a major problem that needs to be analyzed seriously by us. Suowei Yuan engineer made a clear point of view, it is worth our thinking and research. Large-scale national ports should be gradually decentralized to local provincial and municipal management, Hebei Province will have Qinhuangdao Port, and Dagu Kou River less than 100 kilometers away from Tianjin Port. Under the current financial and material conditions of the country, there will be a short-term development of deep-water port Necessary? Similarity should also be considered.