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为解决英国转型时期的社会问题,休谟将科学方法引入到正义理论的研究中,认为正义的外在因素是人有自私的可能性以及社会财富的稀缺性;正义的内在因素是个人和社会有谋求更大财富的倾向性、可能性、应然性。通过主张以财产权为中心的正义规则,正义理论也从善恶论走向效果论;对同情的探讨为正义奠定了温和的情感基础。
In order to solve the social problems during the transitional period in England, Hume introduced the scientific method to the study of the theory of justice, believing that the external factors of justice are the possibility of selfishness and the scarcity of social wealth. The intrinsic factor of justice is that individuals and the society have The tendency, possibility and necessity of seeking greater wealth. By advocating the rule of justice centered on property rights, the theory of justice also moves from the theory of good and evil to the theory of effect. The discussion of sympathy has laid a moderate emotional foundation for justice.