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高尔基一生在经典马克思主义的指导下,对世界文学多有涉猎,且都形成了富有个人特色的评判与论断。在他的阅读与评论范围中,富有幻想意味的民间文学与儿童文学不仅对个体的读者多有裨益,而且可以通过人类精神的构成进入社会文化的塑形之中,因而他对之充满了兴趣,并且非常重视。在高尔基眼中,欧美文学始终具有烛照俄罗斯文化发展的属性,其中法国文学的多样化和英国文学对欧洲文学的变革,最能引发他的注意。在讨论俄苏经典文学的过程中,高尔基不囿于一般的批评成见,始终以人与社会现实的关联作为认识本土文学的基点,对19世纪俄罗斯文学中的农民形象和新人形象等问题做出了富有成效的探究,从而呈现出俄苏文学发展中的极易被忽视的面向。与此同时,他还在俄罗斯文学传统的参照下,努力寻找、发掘新生的苏联文学力量,力求予以公正的评判。今天,高尔基的这些文学思考,它的一整套人与文学互动的理论系统仍然富有价值,其中对经典马克思主义的实践与发展,其中所呈现的事关人与文学互动的世界始终值得人们不断地去探索和反思。
Under the guidance of classical Marxism, Gorky’s life covered many aspects of world literature, and all formed judgments and assertions with personal characteristics. In his scope of reading and commenting, the richly imaginative folklore and children’s literature are not only of benefit to individual readers, but are also intrigued by the composition of human spirit into shaping social culture , And attaches great importance. In the eyes of Gorky, European and American literature always has the attribute of illuminating the development of Russian culture. The diversification of French literature and the change of European literature by British literature can best arouse his attention. In the process of discussing Russian and Soviet classics, Gorky, basing himself on general criticisms and prejudices, has always taken the relationship between human and social reality as the starting point for his understanding of native literature and made the issues of peasant image and rookie image in Russian literature in the 19th century The fruitful exploration, thus showing the development of Russia and the Soviet Union can easily overlook the face. In the meantime, under the reference of the Russian literary tradition, he also endeavored to find and explore new-born Soviet literary forces and sought to be impartially judged. Today, these literary reflections by Gorky and its whole set of theoretical systems of interaction between man and literature are still of great value. The practice and development of classical Marxism, the world in which human beings and literature interact, are always worthy of constant consideration To explore and reflect.