[目的]观察后程加速超分割三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的临床疗效。[方法]104例中晚期食管癌患者随机分为2组,观察组(51例)采取后程加速超分割三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇、奈达铂化疗治疗;对照组(53例)仅行后程加速超分割三维适形放疗。观察指标为治疗后3个月疗效、1年生存率及不良反应发生率,并采用EORTC癌症患者生命质量测定量表QLQ-C30(V3.0)中文版评价治疗前后生命质量。[结果]治疗后3个月,观察组有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。1年生存率比较,观察组高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。治疗前2组QLQ-C30量表指标比较差异无统计学意义,治疗结束时观察组躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、社会功能评分显著低于对照组,而总体症状明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,观察组躯体功能、情绪功能、社会功能评分高于对照组,而总体症状评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]后程加速超分割三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗食管癌能提高近期疗效,虽不良反应增多,影响治疗期间生命质量评分,但均可耐受,短期内即可恢复且有提高。 [Objective] To observe the clinical effects of late-course accelerated hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. [Method] One hundred and four patients with advanced esophageal cancer were divided into two groups at random. The observation group (51 cases) was treated by accelerated posterior segment hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with paclitaxel and nedaplatin chemotherapy. The control group (53 cases) Accelerated hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. The observation index was the curative effect, the 1-year survival rate and the incidence of adverse reactions at 3 months after treatment. The quality of life before and after treatment was evaluated by the Chinese version of QOLQ-C30 (V3.0) on the EORTC Cancer Patient Quality of Life Scale. [Results] Three months after treatment, the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). 1 year survival rate, the observation group was higher than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in QLQ-C30 scale between the two groups. At the end of treatment, body function, role function, emotional function and social function score of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while the overall symptoms were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). At 3 months after treatment, body function, emotion function and social function score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, while the overall symptom score was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Late course accelerated hyperfractionated 3D conformal radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer can improve the short-term curative effect. Although the adverse reactions increase and affect the quality of life score during the treatment, it can be tolerated and can be recovered within a short period and improved.