古典诗学中,“诗可以群”与“诗可以怨”是很难分开的。“怨”是诗人以文学为手段来进行政治实践的方式,是为了更好地实现“群”的价值伦理,但它受到“止乎礼”的限制,“群怨俱宜”正是这种态度在美学上的表现。而到了晚清,“怨”彻底从“礼”的束缚中暴发出来,以“革命”的激进方式介入到政治实践当中。“革命”成为一种激进的美学态度,而新文学的精神正是那种激进的革命精神和批判意识。 In classical poetics, it is difficult to separate “poetry can be grouped” and “poetry can complain”. “Grievance ” is a poet ’s way of political practice by means of literature, in order to realize the value ethics of “group ” better, but it is restricted by It is the aesthetic performance of this attitude. In the late Qing Dynasty, “grievances” completely broke out from the bondage of “rituals” and stepped into political practice in a radical way of “revolution.” “Revolution ” has become a radical aesthetical attitude, and the spirit of new literature is exactly the kind of radical revolutionary spirit and critical awareness.