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五行拳,原为形意拳核心拳法。当年,一代宗师王芗斋在创立大成拳之际,保留了形意拳的精华(众所周知,芗老原为形意高手,清未形意大师郭云深的得意弟子)。而五行拳,更成为大成拳单操手中的重要内容。
我的老师王健民曾告诫我,学练大成拳必须精研五行拳,否则便不能了解大成拳的根本。师爷王选杰先生晚年到全国各地讲学授拳,多为王健民老师随同前往。在代师比拳时,王老师常以五行拳中的劈、崩二拳应战,从未失手。据王健民老师讲,当年郭云深大师享有“半步崩拳打遍天下”之美誉,而太师爷王芗斋和师爷王选杰也都是崩拳高手,可见他们对五行拳的理解和偏爱是非常之深的。
一、劈拳
1、劈拳的训练
劈拳的运动方式如同刀劈斧剁,所以称之为劈拳。
劈拳的基本训练主要为托婴桩、托山桩及劈拳单操手。
托婴桩:立正姿势站好,全身放松。右脚向右前方进半步,两脚呈稍息姿势,左脚落实,右脚前脚掌着地,脚跟虚起。两脚负重之比为前三后七。两臂缓缓上抬,右手高度与肩平齐,左手略低于右手,两掌心相对,十指自然撑开并指向前方。两眼顺右掌内侧向远方平视(图1)。此为右式,左式只须掉转方向,姿势相同。站此桩时,两掌之间仿佛托着一个婴儿,有内夹而上托之意。
托山桩:下盘姿势与托婴桩相同。两手上抬,高过头顶或与眉部平齐。十指自然撑开,两掌心向上(图2)。站此桩时,两掌有向上托山之意,同时又有翻转下砸之意。
劈拳单操手:以稍息步姿式站好,两掌迎面伸出,掌心向下,十指自然撑开,前手稍高,后手稍低。两掌同时下劈,意念放在掌根处,劈至肚脐高度,然后两掌上抬,意念放在掌背,抬至初始位置,再重复前一动作(图3—5)。
2、劈拳的运用
对方以左直拳击我胸部,我速起两手,以右手腕部或小臂部位由内向外磕击对方左小臂,同时右掌上扬,顺势猛劈对方头顶部位(图6—8)。
对方以右直拳击我面部或胸部,我速起两手,以左手腕部或小臂部位下砸对方右小臂,同时右掌上扬,顺势猛劈对方右肩锁骨部位(图9—11)。
二、崩拳
1、崩拳的训练
崩拳的运动方式如飞弹崩穿物体,所以称之为崩拳。
崩拳的基本训练主要为浮云桩和崩拳单操手。
浮云桩:立正姿势站好,全身放松,右脚向右前方进半步,两脚呈稍息姿势,左脚落实,右脚前脚掌着地,脚跟虚起,两脚负重之比为前三后七。两臂缓慢上抬,环抱胸前,十指自然撑开,掌心向下,两虎口相对。右手与肩高度平齐,左手略低于右手。两眼顺右掌向上方远处平视(图12),此为右式,左式只须掉转方向,姿势相同,站此桩时,全身仿佛站立倚靠在云朵之中,两手好像扯拽云絮,有一种撕拉拧裹的感觉。
崩拳单操手:以浮云桩姿势站好,以腰带动上身,在转动过程中两掌变拳,一拳水平方向向前方击出,另一拳向相反方向回拉,两手形成二争力。然后两拳向相反方向运动,如此反复练习。注意练此功时两拳之间配合要非常默契,虽方向不同却力量一致(图13、14)。
2、崩拳的运用
对方抱好间架,准备向我进攻。我两手过头,以高位间架相迎,接近对方,突然向下劈砸对方两小臂,造成其身体前倾失重,然后一手顺势回拉,再向前以崩拳攻击对方心窝部位(图15—17)。
对方以右直拳攻击我胸部,我稍向自身左侧闪动,避开对方拳锋,同时以左掌由左向右拍击其右肘外侧,造成其身体受振倾侧,然后顺势以右手崩拳攻击其右肋部位(图18—20)。
三、钻拳
1、钻拳的训练
钻拳的运动方式如同巨浪钻空,所以称之为钻拳。
钻拳的基本训练主要为浮云桩和钻拳单操手。
浮云桩:同上。
钻拳单操手:以稍息步姿势站好,两手握拳,以腰带动上身并带动左拳,向前上方旋转击出,同时右拳上拉,右小臂拉至高于肩头。再以腰带动上身并带动右拳向前上方旋转击出,同时左拳上拉,左小臂拉至高于肩头。练此功时,注意两拳之间的关系,左拳上击时由右拳拉出,右拳上击时由左拳拉出(图21—22)。
2、钻拳的运用
对方以右手劈拳向我头顶劈来,我速起左手,以左腕或左小臂外侧由下向上磕击对方右小臂,造成对方身体受到振动,然后顺势以右手钻拳由下向上攻击对方左肋部位(图23—25)。
对方以右直拳攻击我胸部,我速起左手,以左腕或左小臂外侧由上向下砸击对方右小臂,造成其身体受振,然后顺势以右手钻拳攻击对方下颌部位(图26—28)。
四、炮拳
1、炮拳的训练
炮拳的运动方式如炮弹出膛,所以称之为炮拳。
炮拳的基本训练主要为浮云桩和炮拳单操手。
浮云桩:同上。
炮拳单操手:以稍息步姿势站好,以腰带动上身向左侧旋转,在旋转过程中,右拳向目视前方迎面出击,左拳回拉,两拳形成二争力。然后以腰带动上身向右侧旋转,在旋转过程中,左拳向目视前方迎面击出,右拳回拉,两拳形成二争力(图29、30)。
2、炮拳的运用
对方以右手钩拳由下向上向我下颌部位击来,我速起左手,以左腕或左小臂部位由上向下压住对方右小臂,然后顺势以右手炮拳攻击对方口鼻部位(图31—33)。
对方以右手摆拳攻击我左侧耳门,我速起左手,以左小臂部位格挡对方右小臂,然后顺势以右手炮拳攻击对方下颌部位(图34—36)。
五、横拳
1、横拳的训练
横拳的运动方式为手臂横向运动,故名横拳。
横拳的基本训练主要为浮云桩和横拳单操手。
浮云桩:同上。
横拳单操手:抬左脚向左侧横跨一步,两脚平行而立,分开略比肩宽。两手握空拳,抬左臂,左拳迎面伸出,高度约与肩平齐。右拳顺左小臂下方从左向右做弧形运动,行至拳锋指向正前方。左拳则回收靠近小腹。然后左拳由右小臂下方由右向左做弧形运动,如此反复练习(图37、38)。
2、横拳的运用
对方以右直拳攻击我胸部,我速起左手,由上向下搭在对方右腕部,然后顺势以右手由对方右臂插出,以右手横拳攻击对方右腋部位(图39—41)。
Wuxingquan is the core of Xingyiquan. The great master Wang Xiangzhai created the Dachengquan according to the essence of Xingyiquan. (As we all know, Master Wang Xiangzhai is the excellent student of Master Guo Yunshen, the great master of Xingyiquan in the late of Qing Dynasty.) The Wuxingquan is the important part of single hand fighting skills in Dachengquan.
Our master Wang Jianmin told us that we must be proficient in Wuxingquan if we want to be excellent in Dachengquan, or we couldn’t get the essence of Dachengquyan. Master WangJianmin had ever followed his master WangXuanjie teaching Dachengquan all over the country. He defeated opponents many times by using Wuxingquan. Master WangJianmin said by Master WangJianmin that Master GuoYunshen had the honor of an undefeatable man throughout the country for his Bengquan. Both Master WangXiangzhai and Master WangXuanjie are excellent in using of Bengquan. From these, we can find how do they favor the Wuxingquan.
A、Piquan(Cutting)
1.Training of Piquan
The way of using Piquan is like using a knife or an axe to cut, so it is called Piquan.
Piquan (Cutting) is mainly made up of Tuoyingzhuang, Tuoshanzhuang and Piquan single hand fighting.
Tuoyingzhuang: stand in the way of ATTENTION, relax the whole body. Then, the right foot moves forward a half step. The left foot stands on the ground firmly while the right heel doesn’t touch the ground. Thirty percent of the body weight is laid on the right sole while the rest of the weight on the left foot. Raise two arms slowly up. Let the right hand as high as the shoulders while the left one is slightly lower than the right hand. Two palms face each other. Ten fingers open naturally and point at the front. Look at the front from the inside of the right palm (Figure 1). The above is the right posture of Tuoyingzhuang. Change the RIGHTS to the LEFTS, you can get the left posture of Tuoyingzhuang. Because these actions are like holding an infant in the palms, two hands pressing from the both sides and holding up, the posture is called Tuoyingzhuang (Holding an infant).
Tuoshanzhuang: The posture of legs is the same as that of Tuoyingzhuang. Two hands are raised as high as the brows or forehead. Two hands face each other and fingers are naturally opened pointing at the front (Figure 2). Because the posture is like holding a mountain on the palms, two hands tending to turn and throw the “mountain” down, so it is called as Tuoshanzhuang(Holding a mountain).
Piquan single hand fighting: Stand in the way of AT EASE. Two palms push out and let them face the ground. Fingers are naturally opened. The front hand is slightly higher than the back one. Two palms cut down at the same time. The force is on the roots of the palms. Then, two palms back to the original place. Repeat the actions (Figures 3,4,5).
2.Applying of Piquan
The opponent punches your chest with his left fist. You can raise two hands up quickly and use your right wrist or right forearm to block his left arm outside. Meanwhile, raise your left palm to cut his head (Figures 6,7,8).
The opponent punches your face or chest with his right fist. You can quickly raise your two hands up, use your left wrist or forearm to pound his right forearm down. Meanwhile, raise your right palm to cut him on the right side collarbone part (Figures 9, 10, 11).
B、Bengquan (Breaking)
1.Training of Bengquan
The way of using Bengquan is like a flying bullet breaking out an object, so it is called as Bengquan.
Bengquan is mainly made up of Fuyunzhuang and Bengquan single hand fighting.
Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds): Stand in the way of ATTENTION and relax the whole body. The right foot moves forward a half step. Two feet stand like the posture of AT EASE. The left foot stands on the ground firmly while the right heel doesn’t touch the ground. Thirty percent of the body weight is laid on the right sole while the rest of the weight on the left foot. Raise two arms up slowly to the front of the chest and make a circle. Fingers are naturally opened. Two palms face the ground. The right hand is as high as the shoulders while the left one is slightly lower than the right hand. Look at the front along the right hand (Figure 12). This is the right posture of Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds). Change the RIGHTS to the LEFTS, you can get the left posture of Fuyunzhuang. When practicing the posture, the whole body is like in the clouds, and two hands are like tearing, twisting and pulling the clouds, so it is called as Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds).
Bengquan single hand fighting: Stand in the posture of Fuyunzhuang. Turn waist and upper body. When turning, two palms change to fists. One fist punches out horizontally, at the same time, another fist is pulling back. Then, the back fist punches forward while the front one is pulled back. Repeat the actions. Note: when practicing, you must keep two hands moving at the same time (Figures 13,14).
2.Applying of Bengquan
When the opponent wants to fight with you, you can raise hands higher than your head; then, suddenly cut down to hurt his forearms and breaks his balance. Pull your hands back. Then, punch the pit of his stomach (Figures 15,16,17).
When the opponent punches your chest with his right fist. You can move back to your left side to avoid his fist. Meanwhile,use your left palm to push his right elbow, let his body be shocked. Then,use your right fist to punch him on the right coastal region (Figures 18,19,20).
C、Zuanquan(Drilling)
The way of using Zuanquan is like huge waves drilling the sky, so it is called Zuanquan (Drilling).
Zuanquan (Drilling) is mainly made up of Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds) and Zuanquan single hand fighting.
Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds):(same as the above)
Zuanquan single hand fighting:Stand in the way of AT EASE. Two hands become fists. When turning the waist and upper body,punch the left fist to the upper front, meanwhile, pull the right fist up and let the right forearm higher than the shoulders. Then,turn the waist and upper body;let the right fist punch to the upper front and pulling the left fist up. Let the left forearm higher than the shoulders. When practicing,try to keep arms moving coordinated (Figures 21,22).
Applying of Zuanquan
When the opponent cut your head with his right hand, you can quickly raise your left hand up, use the left wrist or left forearm to block his right forearm. Try to let his body lose the balance or be heavily shocked. Then, punch him on the left coastal region in the way of Zuanquan (Figures 23, 24, 25).
When the opponent punches your chest with his right fist, you can quickly raise your left hand up, use the left wrist or left forearm to smash his right forearm. Let him lose the balance. Then, punch him with your right fist in the way of Zuanquan (Figures 26, 27, 28).
D、Paoquan (Shooting shells)
1.Training of Paoquan
The way of using Paoquan is like shooting shells, so it is called as Paoquan (Shooting shells).
Paoquan (Shooting shells) is mainly made up of Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds) and Paoquan single hand fighting.
Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds): (same as the above)
Paoquan single hand fighting: Stand in the way of AT EASE. Turn waist and upper body to the left side. When turning, right fist punches to the front, meanwhile, the left fist is pulled back. Then, turn the waist and upper body to the right side. When turning, left fist punches to the front and the left fist pulls back (Figures 29, 30).
2.Applying of Paoquan
When the opponent punches your chin from the below with his right fist, you can quickly raise your left hand up, use your left wrist or left forearm to press his right forearm. Then, punch his face with your right fist in the way of Paoquan (Figures 31, 32, 33).
When the opponent swings his left fist to punch your left ear, you can quickly raise your left hand up, use your left forearm to block his right forearm.Then,punch his chin with your right fist in the way of Paoquan (Figures 34,35.36).
E、Hengquan (Horizontal punching)
1.Training of Hengquan
The way of using Hengquan is mainly use arms horizontally punching,so it is called as Hengquan (Horizontal punching).
Hengquan is mainly made up of Fuyunzhuang and Hengquan single hand fighting.
Fuyunzhuang (Floating in clouds):(same as the above)
Hengquan single hand fighting: Move the left foot a step to the left side. The breadth between two feet is bigger than that of shoulders. Two hands make fists slightly.Raise left arm up and punch left fist out, as high as the shoulders.
The right fist makes a horizontal arc from the below of the left forearm to the front of the body. Pull the left fist back to the part near the belly. Then, the left fist makes a horizontal arc from the below of the right forearm to the front of the body. Repeat the actions (Figures 37,38)
2.Applying of Hengquan
The apponent punches your chest with his right fist. You can quickly raise your left hand; presses down to catch his right wrist. Then, punch his right armpit part with your right fist from the below of your left forearm!in the way of Hengquan (Figures39, 40,41).