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目的:评价贵阳市息烽县、清镇市、云岩区开展碘缺乏病健康教育干预的效果,为实现持续消除碘缺乏病提供参考。方法:每个县(区)随机选择3个乡镇,每个被选乡镇随机选择3个村;对乡镇中心小学4~6年级学生和被选村家庭主妇开展碘缺乏病健康教育干预。在干预开始和结束时,每乡抽取中心小学5年级30名学生和学校所在村15名家庭主妇进行健康教育问卷基线调查和效果评价。结果:干预后,息烽县、清镇市、云岩区目标学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率分别为89.63%(242/270)、95.93%(259/270)、100.00%(270/270),与干预前[77.78%(210/270)、76.67%(207/270)、85.93%(232/270)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(x2=13.90、42.34、40.88,P均<0.01);家庭主妇知晓率分别为89.63%(121/135)、91.36%(370/405)、97.04%(131/135),与干预前[65.19%(88/135)、65.68%(266/405)、85.19%(115/135)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(x2=23.06、79.17、11.71,P均<0.01)。结论:健康教育干预有效提高了目标学生和家庭主妇防病知识知晓率,为持续消除碘缺乏病奠定了基础。
Objective: To evaluate the effects of health education intervention on iodine deficiency disorders in Xifeng County, Qingzhen City and Yunyan District of Guiyang, so as to provide references for the continuous elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods: Three counties were randomly selected in each county (district), and three villages were randomly selected in each township. Health education intervention for iodine deficiency disorders was conducted for grade 4-6 students and selected village housewives in township primary schools. At the beginning and the end of the intervention, 30 townspeople from the fifth grade in the primary school and 15 housewives in the village were selected for baseline survey and evaluation of the results of the questionnaire on health education. Results: After the intervention, the awareness rate of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in Xifeng County, Qingzhen City and Yunyan District were 89.63% (242/270), 95.93% (259/270), 100.00% (270/270) , Which were significantly different from those before intervention [77.78% (210/270), 76.67% (207/270), 85.93% (232/270)] (x2 = 13.90, 42.34, 40.88, P <0.01) ); The awareness rates of housewives were 89.63% (121/135), 91.36% (370/405) and 97.04% (131/135), respectively, which were significantly different from those before intervention [65.19% (88/135), 65.68% ), 85.19% (115/135)], the differences were statistically significant (x2 = 23.06,79.17,11.71, P <0.01). Conclusion: Health education intervention effectively raised awareness rate of target students and housewives in disease prevention knowledge, which laid the foundation for the continuous elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.