转轨经济的演进基本分为激进和渐进两种路径,波兰和俄罗斯采取的是“大爆炸”式的激进改革路径,而中国采取的是后者。波兰和中国经过改革后快速发展,而俄罗斯的休克疗法却让经济停滞,为什么波兰和中国采取了不同的转轨路径却都获得了成功,而俄罗斯却没有取得预期的效果?本文分析演进路径下的内在原因得出结论,培育竞争与产权改革的先后顺序决定了经济改革的关键。 The transitional economy is basically divided into radical and gradual evolution of the two paths, Poland and Russia take the “big bang” radical reform path, while China is the latter. Poland and China have experienced rapid development after the reform, while the Russian shock therapy has stagnated the economy. However, both Poland and China have succeeded in adopting different transition paths while Russia has not achieved the expected results. This article analyzes the evolution path The internal causes lead to the conclusion that the key to economic reform is the order in which competition and property rights are fostered.