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在飞机数字化装配测量中,激光跟踪仪的转站精度决定着测量精度和装配质量,提高转站精度至关重要。而布置在工装上的公共观测点随温度变化发生的热变形,导致观测点偏离理论位置,往往是降低转站精度的主要原因。以壁板工装为实例,通过有限元模型仿真计算,得到观测点呈线性变形规律,并提出了用单位温度热变形系数矩阵来对理论坐标进行补偿的方法。根据仿真获得的变形规律,又提出了对大量实验数据统计分析来获得系数矩阵的方法。并采用回归分析的方法,检验了仿真和实验两种方式所获得的系数矩阵的相关性和等价性,表明仿真获得的系数矩阵的正确性。最后,用实例验证了工装上观测点热变形的线性关系和用热变形系数矩阵进行补偿的有效性。
In the aircraft digital assembly measurement, laser tracker station accuracy determines the measurement accuracy and assembly quality, improve the station accuracy is essential. However, the thermal deformation of the public observation points arranged on the tooling with the temperature changes, resulting in deviation of the observation points from the theoretical position, which is often the main reason for reducing the accuracy of the transfer station. Taking the siding tooling as an example, the linear deformation rules of observation points are obtained through the finite element model simulation calculation. The method of compensating the theoretical coordinates by using the unit temperature thermal deformation coefficient matrix is proposed. According to the deformation law obtained by the simulation, a method of obtaining the coefficient matrix by statistical analysis of a large amount of experimental data is also proposed. And the regression analysis method is used to test the correlation and equivalence of the coefficient matrix obtained by simulation and experiment, which shows the correctness of the coefficient matrix obtained by simulation. Finally, an example is given to verify the linear relationship between the thermal deformation of the observation point on the tooling and the effectiveness of the compensation with the thermal deformation coefficient matrix.