突发灾害性事件,又称严重突发事件,是指一种使个体产生无法抵御的感觉并失去控制的情景,如地震、水灾、火灾等[1]。突发灾害性事件具有发生突然、难以预料、危害严重、影响广泛等特点。受害者具有两个方面的特质,一是必须经历、目击灾害性事件;二是该事件包含真实死亡,或死亡威胁、或重伤、或对他人的伤害[2]。1突发灾害性事件对受害者的心理影响及表现 Sudden disastrous events, also called serious contingencies, refer to situations that make individuals feel beyond control and lose control, such as earthquakes, floods and fires [1]. Unexpected catastrophic events occur suddenly, unpredictably, are seriously endangered and have a wide range of impacts. Victims have two traits, one is the need to experience and witness the catastrophic events; the other is the actual death or death threats, or serious injuries, or harm to others. 1 Psychological effects of victims of sudden catastrophic events and their performance