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目的分析新疆喀什地区维吾尔族成年居民膳食模式以及与代谢综合征(MS)及其各组分的关联性。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,于2013年5月—6月对喀什地区1市1县3个乡/街道内的18岁以上维吾尔族成年居民进行调查,采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾询问法和食物称重法收集个体及家庭膳食摄入情况,应用因子分析法建立膳食模式并加以分析与MS及其各组分的相关性。结果喀什地区维吾尔族成年居民存在4种主要的膳食模式,即粮谷蔬菜型膳食模式、水果奶类型膳食模式、肉类蛋类型膳食模式和干果坚果型膳食模式,粮谷蔬菜型膳食模式是其中的主要膳食模式。水果奶类型膳食模式在协变量校正前后与腰臀比(WHR)和总胆固醇(TC)均呈负相关关系(r_(WHR)=-0.361;r_(TC)=-0.145);肉类蛋类型膳食模式与BMI、WHR和空腹血糖(FPG)呈正相关关系(r_(BMI)=0.128;rWHR=0.149;r_(FPG)=0.083);干果坚果型膳食模式与FPG呈负相关关系(r_(FPG)=-0.112)。粮谷蔬菜型膳食模式与MS及其各组分无相关关系;水果奶类型膳食模式与MS及高血压患病率呈负相关;肉类蛋类型膳食模式与高空腹血糖和肥胖呈正相关;干果坚果型膳食模式则与高空腹血糖呈负相关。结论维吾尔族人群膳食模式与MS及其各组分存在一定的关联性,其中水果奶类型膳食模式可能是MS和高血压的保护因素,而肉类蛋类型膳食模式则可能是高空腹血糖和肥胖的危险因素,干果坚果型膳食模式可能是高空腹血糖的保护因素。
Objective To analyze the dietary patterns of adult Uygur residents in Kashgar region of Xinjiang and its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. Methods A multistage randomized cluster sampling method was used to investigate adult Uighur residents over 18 years of age in three townships and towns in one city and one county in Kashi Prefecture from May to June 2013. Questionnaire and food weighing method were used to collect dietary information of individuals and families. The dietary patterns were established by factor analysis and analyzed for correlation with MS and its components. Results There were 4 major dietary patterns among the Uygur residents in Kashgar region, namely grain-and-vegetable-type diet, fruit-milk-type diet, meat-egg-type and nut-and-nut type diets The main dietary patterns. There was a negative correlation between WHR and total cholesterol (TC) before and after the covariate calibration of fruit milk type dietary patterns (r_ (WHR) = -0.361; r_ (TC) There was a positive correlation between dietary patterns and BMI, WHR and FPG (r_ (BMI) = 0.128; rWHR = 0.149; r_ (FPG) = 0.083) ) = -0.112). There was no correlation between cereal-vegetable dietary patterns and MS and its components; dietary patterns of fruit-milk-type were negatively correlated with MS and the prevalence of hypertension; dietary patterns of meat-egg were positively correlated with high fasting plasma glucose and obesity; Nutty dietary patterns were negatively correlated with elevated fasting glucose. Conclusion There is a certain relationship between dietary patterns and MS and its components in Uygur population. Among them, dietary patterns of fruit milk type may be the protective factor of MS and hypertension, whereas meat type dietary patterns may be related to high fasting blood glucose and obesity Risk factors, nuts and nuts diet pattern may be the protective factor of high fasting blood glucose.