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异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)是一种具有丰富色斑的捕食性天敌,主要捕食烟粉虱、蚜虫和粉蚧等小型害虫,复杂的地理环境会导致异色瓢虫形成不同的色斑型。为了解我国异色瓢虫的色斑多样性,通过采集、调查与分析5个省份异色瓢虫主要色斑类型、黄底型各色斑类型的比例及斑点出现频率,以17个地区数量较多的异色瓢虫十九斑变型为研究对象,运用细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列比对的方法,分析了各瓢虫种群之间的系统进化关系。结果表明,5个省份的异色瓢虫种群中,黄底型数量比例显著高于黑底型,黑底型中黑缘型数量比例极少。内蒙古贺兰山地区的黄底型异色瓢虫中,十九斑变型所占比例最大,占28.77%;其中斑点3出现的频率最高,占84.43%,半斑出现的频率最低,占28.77%。系统进化分析表明,除了云南异色瓢虫种群与其它地区差异较大外,其它16个地区的异色瓢虫十九斑变型之间具有很高的同源性。推测影响异色瓢虫形成不同色斑的关键因素很有可能是遗传基因之外的其它因素。
Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), a predatory predator with rich stains, mainly infects small pests such as whiteflies, aphids and mealybugs. The complicated geographical environment leads to the formation of different stains of Harmonia axyridis type. In order to understand the color speckle diversity of Harmonia axyridis in our country, by collecting, investigating and analyzing the main color speckle types, the ratio of yellow color speckle types and the frequency of speckle in 5 provinces, In order to study the phylogenetic relationship among the ladybug populations, we analyzed the relationship between the ladybug population and the ladybug population by using the sequence comparison of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The results showed that the proportion of yellow-base type in the population of Harmonia axyridis in five provinces was significantly higher than that of black-type, and the proportion of black-rimmed type in black-type was extremely low. Among the yellow-colored Harmonia axyridis in the Helan Mountain region of Inner Mongolia, the nineteen mutant types account for 28.77% of the total, with the highest frequency of spot 3 (84.43%) and the lowest frequency of spot spot (28.77%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was a high homology between nineteen mutants of C. heterochina in other 16 regions, except that the population of C. heterophylla was significantly different from other regions. It is speculated that the key factors affecting the formation of different stains of C. heterophylla are likely to be other factors besides the genetic gene.