目的　了解我国儿童维生素K 缺乏出血症的发病和死亡情况。　方法　对7 省、自治区6 市8 县1996 年1 月～1997 年12 月间31 649 名婴儿进行维生素K 缺乏性出血症发病和死亡的回顾调查,并采用1∶2 病例对照的研究方法筛选发病危险因素。　结果　7 省自治区平均婴儿维生素K 缺乏出血症发病率为2 .4 ‰,病死率为30 .3 % 。母亲妊娠期服药、婴儿2 周内患病( 肝胆疾患、腹泻、肺炎等) 为危险因素;生后使用维生素K 与非母乳喂养为保护因素。　结论　婴儿维生素K 缺乏性出血症发病急、病死率高,严重危害儿童健康。在提倡母乳喂养的同时,应重视推广补充维生素K Objective To understand the incidence and mortality of vitamin K deficiency in children in our country. Methods A retrospective survey of 31 649 infants with vitamin K-deficiency hemorrhagic disease in 8 provinces, 6 cities and 6 counties in 7 provinces and autonomous regions from January 1996 to December 1997 was conducted. Risk factors. Results The average incidence of vitamin K deficiency in 7 provinces was 2. 4 ‰, with a mortality rate of 30.3%. Maternal medication during pregnancy, infants within 2 weeks of illness (hepatobiliary disease, diarrhea, pneumonia, etc.) as a risk factor; after birth, using vitamin K and non-breastfeeding as a protective factor. Conclusions Infant vitamin K deficiency hemorrhagic disease is acute and has a high case fatality rate, which seriously jeopardizes the health of children. While promoting breastfeeding, should pay attention to the promotion of vitamin K supplement