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一、序言 电子器件经历了电子管、晶体管、集成电路、大规模集成电路(LSI)四代的发展历史。在集成电路发展初期都是集成度较低的门电路,后来发展了多门电路和一些单个触发器,集成度逐步提高。目前已经发展到将许多门电路和触发器集成在一块电路上,完成局部的甚至完整的逻辑功能,这就是目前所谓的中大规模集成电路。所谓“大规模集成”就是集成度达到每片1000个元件以上(或等效于100门以上)的集成电路。它是在一块几毫米见方的硅片上,制成成千上万个元件的一种复杂电路,其功能相当于几十块甚至上千块普通集成电路。它使电子元件,电路以及制造工艺成为一个有机的整体而不可分割。采用这种电路的电子设备,具有体积小、重量轻、功耗小、成本低,可靠性高等优点。可以广泛应用于空间技术、电子计算机、雷达、通讯设备、指挥仪,工业自动控制,电子手表以及医疗电子设备等方面。例如国外一种军用的T1-2502型电子计算机,原来需用1735块普通集成电路。
First, the preface Electronic devices have experienced the history of the development of the four generations of tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs). In the early stages of the development of integrated circuits are less integrated gate, later developed a number of single-gate circuits and a few triggers, and gradually increase the degree of integration. So far, many gate circuits and flip-flops have been integrated into one circuit to complete partial or even complete logic functions. This is the so-called medium-large scale integrated circuit. The so-called “large-scale integration” is the integrated level of more than 1000 components per piece (or equivalent to more than 100) integrated circuits. It’s a complex circuit made up of tens of thousands of components on a few millimeter square of silicon that functions like dozens or even thousands of common integrated circuits. It makes the electronic components, circuits and manufacturing processes become an organic whole and indivisible. Electronic devices using this circuit, with small size, light weight, low power consumption, low cost, high reliability and so on. Can be widely used in space technology, electronic computers, radar, communications equipment, commanding instruments, industrial automation, electronic watches and medical electronic devices and so on. For example, a foreign military T1-2502 type of computer, the original need to use 1735 ordinary integrated circuits.