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摘要:肠系膜上动脉栓塞是指他处脱落的各种栓子经血液循环至肠系膜上动脉并滞留其末端,导致该动脉供血障碍,供血肠管发生急性缺血性坏死。多数病人有可形成动脉栓子的心脏病史,如心肌梗死后形成心肌室壁瘤、房性心律失常、风湿性瓣膜疾病、主动脉粥样硬化等病史。本病发生急骤,突发剧烈腹痛,伴有频繁呕吐。初期时腹痛症状和体征不相符,腹痛剧烈而腹部体征轻微。当病人出现血性水样物呕吐,或腹泻出暗红色血便时,腹痛症状减轻,但却出现腹部压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张、肠鸣音弱转之消失。随病程进展,病人可出现周围循环衰竭的征象。本文介绍1例不典型肠系膜动脉栓塞。
关键词: 肠系膜动脉 栓塞 高血压 心房纤颤 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8801.2014.07.656
One case of acute mesenteric artery embolism
Xu Yihui Luo Jiankang
Abstract:The superior mesenteric artery embolism refers to various emboli elsewhere via the blood circulation to the shedding of the superior mesenteric artery and stuck to its end,causing the artery disorder,acute ischemic bowel necrosis.Most patients have a history of heart disease with arterial embolican,such as cardiac aneurysmformation after myocardial infarction,atrial arrhythmias,rheumatic heart disease,aortic athero sclerosisand other medical history.This disease abrupt,sudden severe abdominal pain,often accompanied by frequent vomiting.Abdominal symptoms and signs do not match the early,severe abdominal pain and signs of mild.When patients have bloody watery substance vomiting,or a dark red bloody diarrhea,abdominal pain and symptom relief,but abdominal tenderness,rebound tenderness,muscle tension,bowel sounds weak to disappear.As the disease progresses,peripheral circulatory failure may occur.This article describes one case of atypical performance superior mesenteri cartery embolization.
Keywords:Mesentericartery Embolism Hypertension Atrial fibrillation Coronary atheroscleroticheart disease
【中图分类号】R3【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】1671-8801(2014)07-0403-01
男性患者,77岁,腹痛、腹泻、呕吐2天,2天前无明显诱因下出现腹痛,主要为上腹部及脐周持续性隐痛,伴阵发性加重,可自行稍缓解,无它处放射,腹泻黄色水样便共约5~6次,未见血便,便后腹痛可稍缓解,呕吐胃内容物约3次,非喷射状,无咖啡色样液体及胆汁,无畏冷及发热,无头痛及头昏,无咳嗽及咳痰,无嗳气及反酸,无腹胀及胸骨后烧灼感,起病来,精神差,未进食,小便可。既往有高血压3级极高危、冠心病、心房纤维性颤动、脑梗死病史[1]。查体:Bp210/100mmHg P92次/分 R20次/分 急性痛苦面容,神志清楚,唇轻度发绀,双肺未闻及啰音,心率103次/分,律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等,心音可,腹部稍隆起,未见胃肠型及蠕动波,未见腹壁静脉曲张,上腹部及脐周轻压痛,无反跳痛及腹肌紧张,阑尾区无压痛,未扪及腹部包块,肠鸣音稍活跃,双下肢无浮肿。实验室检查:血常规白细胞10.1×109/L,N72%,大便常规正常,电解质、BS、血尿淀粉酶、心肌酶、心肌三合一、肝功能、肾功能正常,胸部、腹部CT、腹部平片未见异常,心脏彩超左房稍大,未见附壁血栓,胸主动脉无扩张,腹主动脉未见异常,入院诊断:腹痛查因:急性胃肠炎、急性胰腺炎、急性肠系膜动脉栓塞等,入院后予以禁食、抗炎、制酸、护胃、止痛、补液、维持水电解质酸碱平衡等对症支持治疗,患者呕吐停止,腹痛一度缓解,约5小时后再次出现腹痛难忍,呈蜷缩状,予以止痛治疗无效,请腹部外科会诊后行剖腹探查证实为急性肠系膜动脉栓塞,肠坏死。
病例讨论:急性肠系膜动脉栓塞多见于60岁以上老年人[2,3],以男性为主,常伴有心血管基础疾病,部分无先驱性疾病,腹痛为最突出表现[4],突发性绞痛或持续性钝痛,程度轻重不等,定位不确切,可局限或弥漫,尤急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞可出现剧烈腹痛、器质性心脏病和强烈的胃肠道排空症状,一般腹痛后24小时出现便血,随疾病进展可出现血压下降、心率加快、腹胀、腹部压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张等,实验室检查、内镜检查、血管造影、X线检查等可帮助明确诊断,部分需手术才能作出正确诊断。
本例患者有明确的心血管疾病史,且伴心房纤颤,起病时有明显的胃肠道排空症状(恶心、呕吐、腹泻),腹痛症状重、体征轻,腹痛后无便血出现,但经常规治疗后腹痛仍反复发作,病程中一直无典型血便,常见疾病不能解释其病情,最终经剖腹探查手术确诊急性肠系膜动脉栓塞、肠坏死,因此对具有高血压、冠心病、心房纤颤等心血管易感因素患者出现腹痛、腹泻、呕吐、甚至便血(亦不一定出现便血),尤其是不典型病例,在考虑常见疾病不能解释病情,治疗疗效差,且排除炎症性肠病、急性细菌性痢疾等情况下,要早期考虑缺血性肠病,争取早期诊断及早期治疗,以免延误病情。
参考文献
[1] Kang JH,Keller JJ,Lin HC.Ischemicboweldisease and risk of stroke:a one-year follow-up study[J].Int J Stroke,2012 Sep 27,doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949
[2] Cui N1,Luo HS.Clinical characteristics of ischemicboweldisease in young and middle-aged patientsvClinical characteristics of ischemicboweldisease in young and middle-aged patient[J].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2012 Jun 12;92(22):1544-6
[3] Greenwald DA1,Brandt LJ,Reinus JF.Ischemic bowel disease in the elderly[J].Gastroenterol Clin North Am.2001 Jun;30(2):445-73.2001 Jun;30(2):445-73
[4] 林三仁.缺血性肠病[J].消化内科学高级教程,2013,(10):306-311
关键词: 肠系膜动脉 栓塞 高血压 心房纤颤 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8801.2014.07.656
One case of acute mesenteric artery embolism
Xu Yihui Luo Jiankang
Abstract:The superior mesenteric artery embolism refers to various emboli elsewhere via the blood circulation to the shedding of the superior mesenteric artery and stuck to its end,causing the artery disorder,acute ischemic bowel necrosis.Most patients have a history of heart disease with arterial embolican,such as cardiac aneurysmformation after myocardial infarction,atrial arrhythmias,rheumatic heart disease,aortic athero sclerosisand other medical history.This disease abrupt,sudden severe abdominal pain,often accompanied by frequent vomiting.Abdominal symptoms and signs do not match the early,severe abdominal pain and signs of mild.When patients have bloody watery substance vomiting,or a dark red bloody diarrhea,abdominal pain and symptom relief,but abdominal tenderness,rebound tenderness,muscle tension,bowel sounds weak to disappear.As the disease progresses,peripheral circulatory failure may occur.This article describes one case of atypical performance superior mesenteri cartery embolization.
Keywords:Mesentericartery Embolism Hypertension Atrial fibrillation Coronary atheroscleroticheart disease
【中图分类号】R3【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】1671-8801(2014)07-0403-01
男性患者,77岁,腹痛、腹泻、呕吐2天,2天前无明显诱因下出现腹痛,主要为上腹部及脐周持续性隐痛,伴阵发性加重,可自行稍缓解,无它处放射,腹泻黄色水样便共约5~6次,未见血便,便后腹痛可稍缓解,呕吐胃内容物约3次,非喷射状,无咖啡色样液体及胆汁,无畏冷及发热,无头痛及头昏,无咳嗽及咳痰,无嗳气及反酸,无腹胀及胸骨后烧灼感,起病来,精神差,未进食,小便可。既往有高血压3级极高危、冠心病、心房纤维性颤动、脑梗死病史[1]。查体:Bp210/100mmHg P92次/分 R20次/分 急性痛苦面容,神志清楚,唇轻度发绀,双肺未闻及啰音,心率103次/分,律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等,心音可,腹部稍隆起,未见胃肠型及蠕动波,未见腹壁静脉曲张,上腹部及脐周轻压痛,无反跳痛及腹肌紧张,阑尾区无压痛,未扪及腹部包块,肠鸣音稍活跃,双下肢无浮肿。实验室检查:血常规白细胞10.1×109/L,N72%,大便常规正常,电解质、BS、血尿淀粉酶、心肌酶、心肌三合一、肝功能、肾功能正常,胸部、腹部CT、腹部平片未见异常,心脏彩超左房稍大,未见附壁血栓,胸主动脉无扩张,腹主动脉未见异常,入院诊断:腹痛查因:急性胃肠炎、急性胰腺炎、急性肠系膜动脉栓塞等,入院后予以禁食、抗炎、制酸、护胃、止痛、补液、维持水电解质酸碱平衡等对症支持治疗,患者呕吐停止,腹痛一度缓解,约5小时后再次出现腹痛难忍,呈蜷缩状,予以止痛治疗无效,请腹部外科会诊后行剖腹探查证实为急性肠系膜动脉栓塞,肠坏死。
病例讨论:急性肠系膜动脉栓塞多见于60岁以上老年人[2,3],以男性为主,常伴有心血管基础疾病,部分无先驱性疾病,腹痛为最突出表现[4],突发性绞痛或持续性钝痛,程度轻重不等,定位不确切,可局限或弥漫,尤急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞可出现剧烈腹痛、器质性心脏病和强烈的胃肠道排空症状,一般腹痛后24小时出现便血,随疾病进展可出现血压下降、心率加快、腹胀、腹部压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张等,实验室检查、内镜检查、血管造影、X线检查等可帮助明确诊断,部分需手术才能作出正确诊断。
本例患者有明确的心血管疾病史,且伴心房纤颤,起病时有明显的胃肠道排空症状(恶心、呕吐、腹泻),腹痛症状重、体征轻,腹痛后无便血出现,但经常规治疗后腹痛仍反复发作,病程中一直无典型血便,常见疾病不能解释其病情,最终经剖腹探查手术确诊急性肠系膜动脉栓塞、肠坏死,因此对具有高血压、冠心病、心房纤颤等心血管易感因素患者出现腹痛、腹泻、呕吐、甚至便血(亦不一定出现便血),尤其是不典型病例,在考虑常见疾病不能解释病情,治疗疗效差,且排除炎症性肠病、急性细菌性痢疾等情况下,要早期考虑缺血性肠病,争取早期诊断及早期治疗,以免延误病情。
参考文献
[1] Kang JH,Keller JJ,Lin HC.Ischemicboweldisease and risk of stroke:a one-year follow-up study[J].Int J Stroke,2012 Sep 27,doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949
[2] Cui N1,Luo HS.Clinical characteristics of ischemicboweldisease in young and middle-aged patientsvClinical characteristics of ischemicboweldisease in young and middle-aged patient[J].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2012 Jun 12;92(22):1544-6
[3] Greenwald DA1,Brandt LJ,Reinus JF.Ischemic bowel disease in the elderly[J].Gastroenterol Clin North Am.2001 Jun;30(2):445-73.2001 Jun;30(2):445-73
[4] 林三仁.缺血性肠病[J].消化内科学高级教程,2013,(10):306-311