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中国本草学在北宋进入了兴盛期,《开宝本草》《嘉祐本草》《本草图经》等官修本草皆为雕版印刷,实现了本草传播形态的大转换,确立了以经史百家文献证药的原则,并且出现了药图与解释文字并行的新格局。北宋唐慎微《证类本草》吸收了官修本草的优点,并有所发展,在收录药物的种类、新征引文献的数量、新附方剂的数量、编撰的水平以及对后世的影响上,都远超前人,成为此期本草学的巅峰之作。这其中既有唐氏的编撰之功,亦受到北宋尚医风气、蜀文化以及理学的潜在影响。《证类本草》是我们观察北宋本草学特点的重要“标本”。《证类本草》征引不同学科的文献来佐证药物,体现出中国本草学多学科交叉的融通性;该书“以方证药”“以小说证药”的大量实践,反映了中国本草学寻求新变的崭新格局;而该书严谨的注释体例,反映出北宋本草学的规范性特点。《证类本草》在广泛征引诸种学科文献的同时,未加辨析,一些夸张失实、幻想性质的文献夹杂其中,这又反映出北宋本草学的理性尚存在不足。《证类本草》是明代李时珍《本草纲目》的蓝本,前者在药物种类及文献辨析上,逊于后者,但比后者更具文献参校及辑佚价值。
Chinese Herbalology entered a flourishing period in the Northern Song Dynasty. Officials such as Kai Bao Materia Medica, Jia You Ben Cao and Ben Cao Jing Jing all printed on the basis of engraving to realize the great transformation of the transmission form of Materia Medica. Proof of medicine principle, and there has been a new pattern of parallel medicine and interpretation of the text. In the Northern Song dynasty, Tang Shenwei’s “Certificate of Herbal Materia Medica” absorbed the advantages and development of official medicinal herbs. Both the types of drugs included, the number of new cited documents, the quantity of new prescriptions, the level of compilation and the impact on later generations are far Ahead of people, as the peak of this period of Materia Medica. Among them, there is both the compilation of Down’s work and the potential influence of the Northern Song dynasty, the culture of Shu and Neo-Confucianism. “Certificate of Materia Medica” is an important “specimen” for observing the characteristics of the Northern Song Dynasty Materia Medica. “Certificate of Materia Medica” cited literature from different disciplines to support the drug, reflecting the interdisciplinary fusion of Chinese herbal medicine versatility; the book “to prescription drugs” “fiction drug ” a large number of practices, reflecting China Herbalism seeks a brand-new pattern of new change; and the book’s rigorous annotation style reflects the normative features of Northern Song Materia Medica. While widely cited various kinds of subject documents, “card type of Materia Medica” has not been identified. Some of the exaggerated and illegitimate documents are mixed with each other, which reflects the lack of rationality in the Northern Song Dynasty. “Certificate of Materia Medica” is the blueprint of the “Compendium of Materia Medica” of Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty. The former is inferior to the latter in terms of the types of drugs and the analysis of the documents, but it is more valuable than the latter in documentary reference and the collection of lost records.