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湘西凤凰勾良苗语中有两组表示“大”“小”的语素,即min_大~(22)/tε~(214)小和ljo53大/u_小~(214)。虽然这两组语素分别都表示“大/小”这两个语义概念,但它们的语法性质迥异。从形态句法角度来看,min_大~(22)/tε~(214)2小是大称和小称词缀,属于形态单位;ljo53大/u14小是表示大小的维度形容词,在句法上和名词构成修饰和被修饰的关系。从语义上看,min_大~(22)/tε~(214)小表示主观量的大小,即说话者主观评价的大小意义,而ljo53大/u_小~(214)表示的是客观量的大小,即物体客观尺寸的大小。虽然主观量的大小往往会映射出客观量的大小,但在一定的语用背景下,会产生主观量的大小和客观量的大小并不一致的情况。在主观量和客观量不一致的语境中,我们能最直观地观察到min_大~(22)/tε~(214)小和ljo53大/u_小~(214)的本质差异。
There are two sets of morphemes in the Hokiang Phoenix of Hokkaido: “big”, “small”, min_large ~ (22) / tε ~ (214) and ljo53 big / ). Although these two sets of morphemes each express the semantic concepts of “big / small”, they have very different grammatical features. From the morphological syntax point of view, min_large ~ (22) / tε ~ (214) 2 small is a large and small affix, belonging to the morphological unit; ljo53 big / u14 small size is the size of adjectives, syntactically And nouns constitute the relationship between modification and modification. From a semantic point of view, min_large ~ (22) / tε ~ (214) indicates the size of the subjective measure, that is, the size of the speaker’s subjective evaluation, while ljo53 / u_ ~ (214) The amount of size, the size of the objective size of the object. Although the size of subjective quantity tends to reflect the size of objective quantity, under the certain pragmatic background, there will be inconsistencies between the subjective quantity and the objective quantity. In the context of subjective and objective inconsistencies, we can most directly observe the essential differences of min_large ~ (22) / tε ~ (214) and ljo53 ~ / u ~ ~ ~ (214).