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笔者从材料的微观与亚微观角度出发,对材料客观存在的非均匀,各向异性特性以及这些特性对材料力学性能的影响作了较全面的分析;为使机械零件设计得更合理,更充分的发挥结构材料的潜力,阐明了各向异性行为试验研究的必要性,特别对压缩各向异性进行了特别研讨,并以常用的45号钢和A3钢为例给出了测试数据,并介绍了试验装置与仪器。
The author from the material microscopic and submicroscopic point of view, the material objective existence of non-uniform, anisotropic properties and the characteristics of these materials on the mechanical properties made a more comprehensive analysis; in order to make mechanical parts more reasonable design The potential of the structural materials to play to clarify the need for experimental research on anisotropic behavior, especially the compression anisotropy were discussed in particular, and the commonly used 45 steel and A3 steel as an example to give the test data and introduced Test equipment and instruments.