论文部分内容阅读
观察研究了小麦胚乳细胞的发育,淀粉体的增殖变化和颖果中的输导系统。结果如下:(1)胚乳核的分裂分为有丝分裂与无丝分裂两种形式,以有丝分裂为主。分裂的速度显著受温度影响,在平均气温18℃时核分裂周期为9.2h,30℃时核的分裂周期为5.4h。小麦胚乳细胞分裂的持续时间为16d,即在籽粒鲜重达最大值的75％时分裂停止。(2)花后第3d,游离核在分裂末期产生成膜体,形成细胞壁。花后第7d,胚乳细胞中出现淀粉体,并开始积累淀粉;大小淀粉体数目在细胞间变幅很大。花后第9d,胚乳细胞中出现蛋白质体,蛋白质在粗糙内质网上形成,通过高尔基体转移,积累在液泡中。大的蛋白质体可由小的蛋白质体合并产生。(3)由腹部维管束卸出的灌浆物质需经过质外体后才能进入胚乳。
The development of wheat endosperm cells, the proliferation of amyloplasts, and the delivery system in caryopsis were observed and studied. The results are as follows: (1) Endosperm nuclear division into mitosis and mitosis in two forms, mainly mitosis. The rate of division was significantly affected by temperature, with a mean duration of 9.2h at 18 ℃ and 5.4h at 30 ℃. The duration of cell division of wheat endosperm was 16 days, which stopped when the fresh weight of the grain reached 75% of the maximum value. (2) The third day after anthesis, free nuclei produced film-forming bodies in the late stage of division, forming cell wall. On the 7th day after flowering, amyloplasts appeared in the endosperm cells and started to accumulate starch; the number of amyloplasts of large size varied greatly among the cells. On the 9th day after flowering, protoplasts appeared in the endosperm cells, forming proteins on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and accumulating in vacuoles via the Golgi apparatus. Large protoplasts can be produced by small proteosomes. (3) Grouts discharged from the vascular bundles in the abdomen need to go through the apoplast before entering the endosperm.