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在湿法冶金中应用生物工艺学的原理,对选矿工业提出了新的机遇与挑战。在五十年代和六十年代,成功地采用了有细菌参与的堆浸工艺,处理矿山废料和复杂的矿石资源,尤其是用于铜和铀的生产。细菌浸出在经济上的活力,使得它在矿业中得到了世界范围的承认。在七十年代,该工艺更趋完善,被称为“生物湿法冶金”。目前,细菌浸出技术即将得到实际应用。除了铜和铀外,它还用于从各种矿石中提取钴、镍、锌、金和银、并可用于某些煤的脱硫。在可以预见的将来,生物湿法冶金工艺也可能用天然的以及遗传工程化的微生物处理高品位的矿石和精矿。
The application of biotechnology in hydrometallurgy has given ore dressing industry new opportunities and challenges. In the fifties and sixties, bacteriological heap leaching was successfully used to treat mine waste and complex ore resources, especially for the production of copper and uranium. The economic vitality of bacterial leaching has led to its worldwide recognition in the mining industry. In the seventies, the process more perfect, known as the “bio-hydrometallurgy.” At present, bacterial leaching technology will soon be practical. In addition to copper and uranium, it is also used to extract cobalt, nickel, zinc, gold and silver from various ores and to be used for the desulfurization of some coal. Bio-hydrometallurgical processes may also treat high-grade ores and concentrates with natural and genetically engineered microorganisms for the foreseeable future.