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我国商标实务部门在判断两个商标是否近似时,通常采用所谓“隔离观察、整体观察和要部观察”的方法对两商标进行比较,其中的“要部观察”即对商标的显著部分的观察。商标的显著部分(要部)是指在商标的整体构成中处于支配地位、决定商标的整体形象并对商标起主要识别作用的部分。显著部分在商标给人的整体印象中占有突出的地位,因而在判断商标近似时应占有更大的权重。显著部分是否相同或近似以及近似程度,往往决定商标整体上是否构成近似。我国理论界和实务中都有人认为,商标的音、形、义中有一个方面近似,即可认定有混淆的可能。这一论断显然未对商标的显著部分和非显著部分在商标近似判断中的地位作必要的区分,可能导致实践中的误判。本文试图通过对欧美和我国有关商标显著部分的若干实例的分析,为我国实务部门准确认定商标的显著部分并客观认识其在商标近似判断中的地位提供参考。由于显著部分的作用在文字和图形组合商标中体现更为明显,本文的分析亦主要围绕此类商标而展开。
When judging whether the two trademarks are approximate or not, China’s trademark substantive departments usually compare the two trademarks by the so-called “isolation observation, overall observation and observation by the ministry”, in which the “observation by the ministry” A significant part of the observation. The significant part of a mark (a ministry) refers to the part that holds the dominant position in the overall composition of the mark, determines the overall image of the mark and has a primary role in identifying the mark. A significant portion of the mark gives a prominent place in the overall impression of the mark, and therefore should have a greater weight in judging the approximation of the mark. Whether the salient parts are the same, similar, or similar often determines whether the mark as a whole constitutes an approximation. Some people in theorists and practitioners in our country think that there is an approximation in the tone, shape and meaning of the trademark, that is, the possibility of confusion can be identified. This judgment obviously does not make the necessary distinction between the significant part and the non-significant part of the mark in the judgment of the approximate trademark, which may lead to miscarriage of justice in practice. This article tries to provide some references for our country’s substantive departments to accurately identify the significant part of the trademark and to objectively recognize its position in the approximate judgment of the trademark through the analysis of several examples of the significant parts of the trademarks in Europe, the United States and China. As the significant part of the role in the combination of text and graphics trademarks more evident, the analysis of this article is mainly around such trademarks.