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【摘要】推理判断题是属于阅读理解中层次较高的题目，是学生失分比较多的题型，本文以近几年的各省市的高考阅读理解为例，探讨推理判断题的策略，以期为推理判断题的教学和解题提供借鉴。
【关键词】阅读理解 推理 判断
一、细节推理判断题
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论）和assume（假定，设想）。常见的命题形式有：
It can be inferred from the passage/text that .
The author strongly suggests that .
It can be concluded from the passage that .
The writer implies but not directly states that .
The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .
Which of the following statements does the passage support？
二、预测推理判断题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。常见的命题形式有：
What do you think will happen when/if…？
At the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write .
Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story？
三、推测文章来源或读者对象题
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已经具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。
常见的命题形式有：
This passage would most likely be found in .
In which of the following publications would this passage most
likely be printed？
The passage is probably taken out of .
Where does this text probably come from？
真题范例
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.Sheis
quiet but alert（警觉）.Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world？
63 .Where does this text probably come from？
A.Science fiction.
B.Children’s literature.
C.An advertisement.
D.A science report.
答案解析
D 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的实验、实验的经过及结果等，因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。
四、写作意图推断题
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的命题形式有： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text？
The purpose of the text is to get more people to .
The fact… is mentioned by the author to show .
The writer talks about…in order to .
The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
五、态度倾向推断题
态度倾向推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力，有时也要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价，此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。态度倾向推断题的选项一般分为以下三类：
1.中性词：uninterested（不感兴趣的），neutral（中立的），indifferent（无关紧要的），sympathetic（同情的），humorous（幽默的）等。
2.褒义词：positive（积极的），disinterested（无私的），supportive（支持的），useful，enthusiastic（热情的），admiring（赞赏的）等。
3.贬义词：disgusted（厌恶的），critical（批评的）， impassive（无动于衷的），negative（否定的，消极的），disappointed（失望的）等。
常见的命题形式有：
The attitude of the author towards something is ？
The writer of the passage seems to think that .
What is the author’s opinion on cramming？
What’s the writer’s attitude towards ？
参考文献：
[1]赖朝辉.高中英语阅读理解训练的行动研究[J].中小学外语教学（中学篇），2013.
[2]杨红丽，陈旭远.课标中阅读期待的独特性及其教学意义[J].课程·教材·教法，2013.
【关键词】阅读理解 推理 判断
一、细节推理判断题
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论）和assume（假定，设想）。常见的命题形式有：
It can be inferred from the passage/text that .
The author strongly suggests that .
It can be concluded from the passage that .
The writer implies but not directly states that .
The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .
Which of the following statements does the passage support？
二、预测推理判断题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。常见的命题形式有：
What do you think will happen when/if…？
At the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write .
Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story？
三、推测文章来源或读者对象题
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已经具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。
常见的命题形式有：
This passage would most likely be found in .
In which of the following publications would this passage most
likely be printed？
The passage is probably taken out of .
Where does this text probably come from？
真题范例
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.Sheis
quiet but alert（警觉）.Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world？
63 .Where does this text probably come from？
A.Science fiction.
B.Children’s literature.
C.An advertisement.
D.A science report.
答案解析
D 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的实验、实验的经过及结果等，因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。
四、写作意图推断题
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的命题形式有： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text？
The purpose of the text is to get more people to .
The fact… is mentioned by the author to show .
The writer talks about…in order to .
The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
五、态度倾向推断题
态度倾向推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力，有时也要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价，此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。态度倾向推断题的选项一般分为以下三类：
1.中性词：uninterested（不感兴趣的），neutral（中立的），indifferent（无关紧要的），sympathetic（同情的），humorous（幽默的）等。
2.褒义词：positive（积极的），disinterested（无私的），supportive（支持的），useful，enthusiastic（热情的），admiring（赞赏的）等。
3.贬义词：disgusted（厌恶的），critical（批评的）， impassive（无动于衷的），negative（否定的，消极的），disappointed（失望的）等。
常见的命题形式有：
The attitude of the author towards something is ？
The writer of the passage seems to think that .
What is the author’s opinion on cramming？
What’s the writer’s attitude towards ？
参考文献：
[1]赖朝辉.高中英语阅读理解训练的行动研究[J].中小学外语教学（中学篇），2013.
[2]杨红丽，陈旭远.课标中阅读期待的独特性及其教学意义[J].课程·教材·教法，2013.