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儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是儿童时期最为常见的出血性疾病。其是免疫介导的以体内产生抗血小板抗体导致单核巨噬细胞系统吞噬破坏血小板,使外周血血小板减少的一种自身免疫性疾病,也称为免疫性血小板减少性紫癜。ITP的诊断是排除性诊断,绝大多数患者可自愈,超过6个月血小板不恢复者定义为慢性ITP。患儿血小板计数<20×109L-1并伴明显黏膜出血或血小板计数<10×109L-1伴轻度紫癜者可予静脉丙种球蛋白或糖皮质激素治疗。
Children idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common hemorrhagic disease in childhood. It is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease that produces anti-platelet antibodies in vivo that cause the monocyte-macrophage system to engulf platelets that reduce platelets in the peripheral blood, also known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura. ITP diagnosis is an exclusionary diagnosis, the vast majority of patients can be self-healing, more than 6 months of platelet non-recovery was defined as chronic ITP. Children with platelet count <20 × 109L-1 and with significant mucosal bleeding or platelet count <10 × 109L-1 with mild purpura may be intravenous gamma globulin or glucocorticoid treatment.