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中国目前的经济体制突出表现为计划外快速发展的“市场”部分与原计划内改革滞后的国有经济部分并存的双重体制.这一体制存在着诸多弊端,表现在:①国有企业吸纳着大量人才、资金但效益低下,资源严重浪费;②两种体制相互摩擦冲突,造成收入不均;③利用双重体制的寻租和腐败行为蔓延;④滞后部分限制了市场体系和市场机制的正常运作.因此,我们应该抓紧时机,重点攻坚国有经济体制,以改变目前的双重体制格局.如果说改革之初利益关系不宜剧烈调整(摩擦成本大),逐渐摸索切实可行(实施成本小),因而渐进改革是一条成本最小化之路;那么我们在目前双重体制的经济扭曲日益严重(实施成本大)和17年改革成绩使人们能承受较大利益调整(摩擦成本小)的情况下,对国有企业体制实行较激进的“伤筋动骨”改革,也将同样是一种成本最小化的选择.
China’s current economic system has been characterized by the dual system of “co-market” that is developing rapidly outside the plan and the part of the state-owned economy that is lagging behind in the original plan. There are many drawbacks to this system: 1 The state-owned enterprises absorb a large number of talents However, the funds are of low efficiency and resources are wasted; 2 the two systems friction and conflict, resulting in uneven income; 3 the use of dual systems of rent-seeking and the spread of corruption; 4 lags partly restricting the normal operation of market systems and market mechanisms. We should seize the opportunity to focus on the state-owned economic system in order to change the current dual-system structure. If we say that the interest relationship at the beginning of reform should not be drastically adjusted (the cost of friction is large) and gradually explore practical and feasible (implementation costs are small), gradual reform is A path of minimizing costs; then we have implemented the state-owned enterprise system under the current situation where the economic distortion of the dual system is increasingly serious (high implementation cost) and 17 years of reforms have made it possible for people to accept greater adjustments (small friction costs). The more radical “battle” reform will also be a cost-minimizing option.