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目的:回顾分析下颌骨放射性骨坏死（osteoradionecrosis，ORN）血管化游离组织瓣移植手术治疗的主要并发症，为临床治疗ORN提供参考。方法:纳入2014年8月至2019年3月于中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科实施下颌骨ORN手术的病例104例［男性77例，女性27例，年龄（55.5±10.2）岁］。收集患者资料（包括一般资料、原发肿瘤、放疗间隔时间、手术方式、术后并发症等），重点关注下颌骨ORN手术治疗引起的并发症，并对实施显微外科重建的ORN病例（34例）及同一时期内因恶性肿瘤行血管化游离组织瓣移植病例（430例）的临床资料进行比较，分析并发症的发生原因，探讨其预防和处理方法。结果:104例下颌骨ORN手术病例中，实施下颌骨节段性切除伴同期血管化游离组织瓣移植修复34例（32.7%），下颌骨节段性切除不行血管化游离组织瓣移植17例（16.3%），下颌骨边缘性切除53例（51.0%），同期因口腔恶性肿瘤行血管化游离组织瓣移植手术430例。34例下颌骨节段性切除伴血管化游离组织瓣移植的ORN病例中，术后颌面部局部创口感染13例（38.2%），肺部感染6例（17.6%），静脉血栓2例（5.9%），吻合动脉破裂3例（8.8%），血管危象5例（14.7%），抑郁自杀死亡1例。430例因恶性肿瘤行血管化游离皮瓣移植病例中，术后颌面部局部创口感染25例（5.8%），肺部感染29例（6.7%），血管危象12例（2.8%），术区吻合动脉破裂1例（0.2%），无深静脉血栓及抑郁自杀病例。因恶性肿瘤行血管化游离组织瓣移植手术术后局部感染、肺部感染、血管危象、动脉破裂出血、深静脉栓塞等发生率显著低于下颌骨ORN行血管化游离皮瓣移植手术的病例（n P<0.05）。n 结论:下颌骨ORN行血管化游离组织瓣移植病例术后并发症发生率高于因恶性肿瘤行血管化游离组织瓣移植的病例，部分并发症危及患者生命，术者对术中及术后可能遇到的并发症及相应处理方法应有充分认识。“,”Objective:To retrospectively analyze of the prevention and management of major complications in surgical treatment of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible by using vascularized free flaps and to provide a reference for improving clinical treatments.Methods:All cases diagnosed as mandibular ORN and received surgical treatment in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University from August 2014 to March 2019 were included. The patients′ clinical data, mainly including general information, primary tumor, interval time between radiotherapy and osteoradionecrosis, surgical methods and postoperative complications, were collected. The data of surgical methods and postoperative complications of these patients were compared with the similar data of patients with malignant tumor surgically treated by using vascularized free flaps during the same period.Results:The postoperative follow-up data of 104 patients with mandibular ORN, who underwent surgery in our hospital, were collected. In the control group, surgeries of vascularized free flap transfer were performed in 430 patients with malignant tumor. Among the 34 ORN cases (34/104, 32.7%) of segmental resection with vascularized free flap transfer, there were 13 cases (13/34, 38.2%) of postoperative local infection in maxillofacial area, 6 cases (17.6%) of pulmonary infection, 2 cases (5.9%) of venous thrombosis, 3 cases (8.8%) of anastomotic artery rupture and 5 cases (14.7%) of vascular crisis. One case died of depression and misanthropy. Meanwhile, among 430 patients with malignant tumor who underwent surgeries of vascular free flap reconstruction, 25 cases (5.8%) had postoperative local infection and 29 cases (6.7%) had pulmonary infection. Vascular crisis occurred in 12 cases (2.8%) and anastomotic artery rupture in 1 case (0.2%). No venous thrombosis and misanthropy occurred. The incidence of postoperative complications in mandibular ORN was much higher than that of vascularized free flap transfer surgeries in malignant tumor cases (P<0.05).Conclusions:Compared with patients with malignant tumors undergoing vascularized free flap transfer surgeries, patients with mandibular ORN undergoing same surgeries are more likely to have postoperative complications. This study may help clinicians to fully understand the local, general and psychological conditions during the perioperative period of ORN patients.