本文从农耕结合的角度去观照近代中国农村家庭的生产样态以及村落共同体的变迁等问题 ,进而对旧中国农村社会的性格进行考察。华北的旱作农业特别是耕种作业需要并行使用复数的役畜和多人的共同协作 ,因此近代华北的农家不得不与他人相互结合起来 ,以解决农繁期畜力和劳动力不足的问题。在近代华北农村存在着多种农家间的农耕结合 ,除了搭套之外 ,还有劳动力与劳动力、劳动力与畜力、畜力与畜力间的换工 ,有役畜和农具的无偿借用 ,以及代耕、帮工、伙养役畜、共同租种、共同雇工等形式。对这些农耕结合的不同评价导致了泾渭分明的近代中国农村社会认识论。本文指出 ,在近代华北农村 ,相当多的农耕结合形式 ,以其合理的、对等的原则及灵便性逐渐成为华北农家农耕结合的主流。 This paper examines the production patterns of rural families in modern China and the changes of village communities from the point of view of combining farming and farming, and then examines the character of rural communities in old China. North China’s dry farming, especially farming operations, requires the joint use of multiple animal and people in parallel. Therefore, modern North China farmers have to combine with others to solve the problem of shortage of livestock and labor in the agricultural period. In modern North China, there exists a combination of farming and farming among many kinds of farm families. In addition to taking the lead, there are labor and labor, labor and animal power, labor between livestock and animal husbandry, free borrowing of draft animals and farm implements, Helping workers, raising livestock, co-renting, co-hired and other forms. Different evaluations of these combinations of farming led to a clear distinction between modern Chinese rural social epistemology. This paper points out that in the modern North China rural areas, quite a large number of forms of agrarian farming have gradually become the mainstream of farming in North China with their reasonable and reciprocal principles and portability.