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对本所1982—1988年间产量比较试验中372个玉米杂交组合穗部性状以及这些组合的139个亲本穗部性状考种结果进行了整理分析。并分析了“有效组合”(用于生产的组合)和“无效组合”(经产比试验淘汰的组合)在亲本组配方式上能区别;“优良自交系”(有效组合的亲本)和“一般自交系”(无效组合的亲本)在选育方式上的区别。分析认为:(1)优良自交系中外引系比例较大;(2)优良自交系中自选系主要是二环系,群体选系极少;(3)有效组合的组配方式主要是自选系x国内引系、自选系×国外引系两种方式,自选系×自选系、国外引系×国外引系非常少;(4)有效组合的穗长、行粒数、百粒重高于无效组合,穗行数相近;(5)优良自交系的穗部性状平均值高于一般自交系;(6)优良自交系间穗部性状变异较大,个别性状可明显偏低,如行数偏少或穗偏短等,但优良杂交种的穗部性状变异很小,很少有明显偏低的性状;(7)自交系穗部性状与杂交种相同性状显著正相关,杂交种穗部性状与杂交种产量显著正相关,自交系穗部性状对杂交种有间接贡献,但预测性很低,自交系配合力测定和杂交种产量测定是高产育种最重要环节。
The results of the test on the panicle traits of 372 maize cross combinations in the yield comparison experiment of 1982-1988 and the test of the panicle traits of 139 parents in these combinations were analyzed. And analyzed the differences between “effective combination” (combination for production) and “ineffective combination” (combination eliminated by production ratio test) in the parental combination pattern; “elite inbred line” (effective combination of parents) And “normal inbred lines” (ineffective combinations of parents) in the selection of breeding methods. The analysis shows that: (1) there is a large proportion of excellent inbred lines in China and the United States; (2) the most suitable inbred lines are mainly the second ring system with few groups; (3) (2) There are two kinds of self-selection system, ie, domestic lead system, optional system × foreign lead system, optional system × self-selection system, and foreign lead system × foreign lead system. (4) Effective combination of ear length, (5) The average of panicle traits in elite inbred lines was higher than that of inbred inbred lines; (6) The variation of panicle traits in elite inbred lines was larger, and the individual traits were significantly lower Such as fewer lines or shorter ears, but the variation of ear traits of fine hybrids was very small with few obvious low traits. (7) The ear traits of inbred lines were significantly and positively correlated with the same traits of hybrids , The panicle characters of hybrids had a significant positive correlation with the hybrid yield. The panicle characters of the inbred lines had an indirect contribution to the hybrids, but the predictability was very low. The determination of the combining ability and the yield of hybrids were the most important aspects of the high-yielding breeding .