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国际货运代理业具有悠久的历史,对提高国际贸易和国际货物运输的效率,降低成本,促进各国之间的经贸关系具有重要的作用。随着国际多式联运和现代物流的发展,国际货运代理业务范围进一步扩大,从纯粹的代理人向代理人和当事人双重角色的转换,从而在实践和制度层面产生了值得探讨的新问题。中国国际货运代理协会编纂的《2006-2007年中国货代企业名录大全》,共收录中国内地30多个省级行政区和港澳台货代企业共计1万多家,国外货代企业300多家。截止到2006年3月10日,交通部公布的无船承运业务经营者数量为1692家。这是一个相当大市场规模的行业,有必要形成系统的法律制度和业务规范,形成行业共识,以建立行业正常的竞争规则和竞争秩序。为了从整体上提高货代工作者的管理水平和业务能力,本刊特邀请上海海事大学国际航运系王学锋和郏丙贵两位老师,开办一个《国际货运代理制度讲座》,其目的是针对我国目前尚存在争议的问题和制度建设上需要进一步完善等方面的问题展开讨论。主要内容包括国际货运代理基本概念的定义、从事不同业务时的法律地位和责任、标准交易条件的作用、责任限制、风险控制机制、政府监管和立法等。该《讲座》每期一讲,编入“国际货运代理论坛”栏目内,初步计划为12讲,敬请读者留意。
The international freight forwarding industry has a long history and plays an important role in enhancing the efficiency of international trade and the international transport of goods, reducing costs and promoting economic and trade relations among countries. With the development of international multimodal transport and modern logistics, the scope of international freight forwarding business has been further expanded, and the dual role of agents from agents to agents has been transformed. As a result, new problems worth exploring at the practical and institutional levels have emerged. Compiled by China International Freight Forwarders Association 2006-2007 China Freight Forwarders Directory, a total of more than 30 provinces and territories in mainland China and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Taiwan freight forwarding companies a total of more than 10,000, more than 300 foreign freight forwarding enterprises. As of March 10, 2006, the number of NVOCCs announced by the Ministry of Communications was 1,692. This is a very large market size of the industry, it is necessary to form a system of legal systems and business practices, the formation of industry consensus to establish the industry’s normal competition rules and competitive order. In order to improve the management level and business capability of freight forwarders as a whole, we invited Wang Xuefeng and Bian Binggui, two teachers of International Maritime Department of Shanghai Maritime University, to start a “Lecture on International Freight Forwarding System” There are still controversial issues and system construction needs to be further improved and other aspects of the discussion. The main contents include the definition of the basic concepts of international freight forwarding, the legal status and responsibilities of engaging in different businesses, the role of standard trading conditions, liability limits, risk control mechanisms, government regulation and legislation. The lectures will be given a lecture on each issue and put into the section of “International Freight Forwarders Forum”. The initial plan is 12, so readers should pay attention to it.