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国际法中未规定对损害后果的国家责任,只对运营商的民事责任达成了相对的一致。国家并不是核损害的民事责任主体,但不意味着,国家可以袖手旁观。若以过错责任原则作为归责原则,会使一些国家轻易逃避责任。绝对责任原则的要求过于严苛,不允许任何免责事由的存在。国家并非直接责任人,但由于特殊性质,对受害人履行一定义务。在和平使用核技术下造成的损害,国家对运营商承担补充责任,运营商免责事由同样适用于装置国。
The failure of international law to state the national responsibility for the consequence of the damage has only reached a relative agreement on the civil liability of the operator. The state is not the subject of civil liability for nuclear damage, but it does not mean that the state can stand idly by. Taking the principle of fault liability as the principle of imputation will make it easy for some countries to evade their responsibilities. The principle of absolute responsibility is too harsh and does not allow the existence of any exemption. The state is not directly responsible, but because of its special nature, it carries out certain obligations to victims. Damage caused under the peaceful use of nuclear technology, the state assumes additional responsibility for the operator, operator exemption from the same applies to the installation country.