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目的寻找适用于野外作业、边防部队巡逻时针对蚂蟥的个人防护措施与驱避药物并观察其驱避效果。方法对西藏林芝地区的蚂蟥,即斑纹山蛭[Haemadipsa zeylanica zeylanica(Moquin-Tandon,1826)]进行危害调查,同时选择药物做现场驱避与杀灭效果试验观察。采取人体引诱捕捉蚂蟥,计算密度;采用回顾性调查与心理学问卷相结合的方式,了解部队人员受蚂蟥侵害状况;采用药物现场试验评价药物对蚂蟥的驱避率和致死率。结果与结论初步鉴定西藏林芝地区蚂蟥种类为斑纹山蛭。吡啶生物碱、苦参碱和联苯菊酯3种药物对蚂蟥的驱避均有效;用药对作训服进行喷雾处理后,与对照相比,用药人员对蚂蟥的驱避率分别为87.2%,74.4%和66.7%;30 min后对吡啶生物碱、苦参碱处理组的衣物上附着的蚂蟥进行观察,24 h死亡率分别为100%和50%。以吡啶生物碱防治蚂蟥效果最佳,具有较好的开发前景。
Objective To find suitable personal protective measures and repellent drugs for patrolling leech in field operations and border guards and to observe its repellent effect. Methods Haemadipsa zeylanica zeylanica (Moquin-Tandon, 1826) was investigated in leech, Nyingchi region, Tibet Autonomous Region. At the same time, the drug was selected to observe the effect of repellent and killing effect in the field. Adopt the human body to seduce the leech to calculate the density; use the method of retrospective investigation and psychology questionnaire to understand the troop unit infested by the leech; use the drug field test to evaluate the repellent rate and fatality rate of the drug to the leech. Results and Conclusion The species of leech in Nyingchi area of Tibet was preliminarily identified as zebra leeches. Pyridine alkaloids, matrine and bifenthrin three drugs are effective to repel leech; medication on the training suit spray treatment, compared with the control, the treatment of leprosy workers medication repellent rates were 87.2% , 74.4% and 66.7%, respectively. After 30 min, the leech adherent to the clothes of the pyridine alkaloids and matrine treatment groups were observed. The mortality rates at 24 h were 100% and 50%, respectively. Pyridine alkaloids control leech best, with good development prospects.