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目的了解余姚市近二十年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行规律,为制定防制策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析HFRS疫情,开展宿主动物监测,用PCR法进行汉坦病毒(HV)分型和带毒率检测。结果 1996—2015年余姚市累计报告HFRS 117例,年均发病率为0.64/10万,无死亡病例。病例主要分布在丘陵和平原乡镇,均为散发。每年4—6月为流行高峰,占全年发病总数的57.26%。发病年龄以20~59岁人群为主,占发病总数的87.18%;职业以农民为主,占70.94%;男女性别比4.85∶1。鼠密度为7.88%,以褐家鼠为主,占57.14%;HV病毒分型均为SEOV型,带毒率为5.53%,各地区间带毒率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论余姚市属家鼠型出血热为主的疫源地,HFRS发病具有明显的季节和人群特征,应采取环境整治、防鼠灭鼠、健康宣教等综合性防治措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Yuyao City for nearly 20 years, and to provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFRS. Host animal monitoring was carried out. Hantaan virus (HV) typing and virulence rate were detected by PCR. Results A total of 117 cases of HFRS were reported in Yuyao City from 1996 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 0.64 / 100 000 and no deaths. Cases are mainly distributed in hills and plains townships, are distributed. April to June each year as the peak of the epidemic, accounting for 57.26% of the total number of the year. The age of onset was mainly from 20 to 59 years old, accounting for 87.18% of the total. The occupations were dominated by peasants, accounting for 70.94%. The male-female ratio was 4.85:1. The rodent densities were 7.88%, mainly in Rattus norvegicus, accounting for 57.14%. The HV virus types were all SEOV with the rate of 5.53%. There was no significant difference in the virulence rates among different regions (P> 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of HFRS in Yuyao is the main source of hemorrhagic fever in mice. The onset of HFRS has obvious seasonal and population characteristics. Environmental prevention, rodent control and health education should be taken as a comprehensive prevention and control measures.