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目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区)2015年麻疹风疹实验室网络(Measles/rubella laboratory network,MRLN)的运转状况。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2015年中国麻疹监测信息报告管理系统中的实验室数据和全国MRLN监测数据,评价中国MRLN运转的各项指标。结果 2015年全国共报告监测病例104 948例,其中麻疹病例42 382例,40 717例(96.07%)为实验室确诊病例;风疹病例8 143例,6 324例(77.66%)为实验室确诊病例。共报告暴发疫情400起,其中麻疹暴发329起,风疹暴发31起。共采集散发监测病例血标本90 305例,标本采集率97.47%;麻疹、风疹IgM检测阳性率分别为38.75%、6.30%。共采集散发监测病例病原学标本45 032例,标本采集率48.60%;麻疹、风疹病毒核酸检测阳性率分别为35.74%、5.43%。29个省级麻疹风疹室验室(Measles/rubella laboratory,MRL)共送检麻疹病毒3 967株,其中D_9基因亚型1株、A基因型(疫苗相关株)16株、中国本土流行的H_(1a)基因亚型3 950株。16个省级MRL共送检风疹病毒316株,其中1E基因型4株、2B基因型312株。国家MRL和32个省级MRL全部通过2015年世界卫生组织的职能考核。结论中国2015年MRLN运转良好,证实本土麻疹基因型H1仍在持续循环流行,为中国消除麻疹奠定了良好的实验室网络技术支撑。
Objective To evaluate the operational status of the 2015 Measles / rubella laboratory network (MRLN) in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the laboratory data and the national MRLN monitoring data from the 2015 China measles monitoring information report management system to evaluate the indicators of the operation of MRLN in China. Results A total of 104 948 surveillance cases were reported nationwide in 2015, of which 42 382 were measles cases and 40 717 (96.07%) were laboratory confirmed cases; 8 143 were rubella cases and 6 324 (77.66%) were laboratory confirmed cases . A total of 400 outbreaks were reported, including 329 measles outbreaks and 31 outbreaks of rubella. A total of 90 305 blood samples were collected and distributed, with the collection rate of 97.47%; the positive rates of measles and rubella IgM were 38.75% and 6.30% respectively. A total of 45 032 cases of etiological specimens were collected and distributed, and the collection rate of specimens was 48.60%. The positive rates of measles virus and rubella virus were 35.74% and 5.43% respectively. Measles / rubella laboratory (MRL) samples were collected from 3 967 measles virus isolates, of which 1 was D_9 gene, 16 was genotype A (vaccine-associated strain), and 26 (1a) Genomic 3 950 strains. There were 316 rubella viruses in 16 provincial-level MRLs, 4 of which were 1E genotype and 312 genotypes of 2B genotype. National MRLs and 32 provincial MRLs all passed the 2015 WHO Functional Assessment. Conclusion China’s MRLN was working well in 2015, confirming that the local measles genotype H1 is still circulating and has provided good laboratory network technical support for eliminating measles in China.