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1.白头翁的原植物根据国内外科学家的研究,有十余种。结合本草的记述与现时中药使用的情形来看,最初的白头翁应该是毛茛科植物 Pulsatilla chinensis Regel。因为 Pulsatilla 与 Anemone 两属的分合在分类学上有不同的意见,所以也有人不用 Pulsatilla chinensis Reg.而用 Anemone chinensis Bge.一名。由于两属间表现出显明的演化阶段,例如:(1)Anemone 的子房具短而无特化的花柱,而 Pulsatilla具长而两侧有羽毛状细毛的花柱;(2)Anemone 的总苞距花遥远,与营养枝的叶相似,而 Pulsatilla 的总苞与叶异形,无柄,有明显的特化趋势。所以作者同意把 Pul-satilla 作为独立的属,而保留 Pulsatilla chinensis 一名。Anemone cernua Thunb.或 Pulsatilla cernua Bercht.是日本产植物,日名翁草,与中国产的白头翁不同,过去当做中药白头翁的学名是误用的。2.Briquet 在1896年把 Nepeta 属的 Schizonepeta 亚司分出成为独立的属。包括三种植物,其中的 Schizonepeta tenuifolia 就是荆芥。在此以前,Bentham 于1834年发表 Nepeta tenuifolia 一种,产于北京、热河一带,与 Briquet 的 Schizonepetatenuifolia 同是一种植物。过去文献中使用的荆芥学名 Nepeta japonica Maxim.是日本植物,与 Schizo-nepeta 极为近似,惟穗状花序花疏而中辍,是 Schizonepeta tenuifolia var.japonica(Maxim.)Kitagawa。石户谷勉报告过东北产一种药用荆芥订名为 Nepeta lavandulacea L.f.(=Schi-zone peta multifida Briq.),花序粗大,被毛较多。现尚未调查证实是否药用。
1. Pulsatilla’s original plant According to the research of scientists at home and abroad, there are more than ten species. According to the book’s description and the current use of traditional Chinese medicine, the original Pulsatilla should be Pulsatilla chinensis Regel. Because the division of Pulsatilla and Anemone has different taxonomy, there are also people who use Anemone chinensis Bge. instead of Pulsatilla chinensis Reg. As the two genera exhibit a distinct evolutionary phase, for example: (1) the ovary of Anemone has a short, unspecialized style, while Pulsatilla has a long, feathery hairy style; (2) the anemone’s genus. Far from the flowers, similar to the leaves of the vegetative shoots, and the general pods and leaves of Pulsatilla are shaped, sessile, and have a distinct specialization tendency. Therefore, the author agreed to keep Pul-satilla as an independent genus while retaining Pulsatilla chinensis. Anemone cernua Thunb. or Pulsatilla cernua Bercht. is a Japanese plant, the Japanese name Wengcao, and Pulsatilla chinensis is different from the Chinese, the former name of Pulsatilla is misused. 2.Briquet separated Schizonepeta of Nepeta into an independent genus in 1896. Includes three plants, of which Schizonepeta tenuifolia is Nepeta. Prior to this, Bentham published a type of Nepeta tenuifolia in 1834, which was produced in Beijing and along the Rehe River. It is a plant with Briquet’s Schizonepetatenuifolia. The Nepeta japonica Maxim. Nepeta japonica Maxim. used in the literature is a Japanese plant and is very similar to the Schizo-nepeta, but the flower of the spike is sparse and medium in size. It is Schizonepeta tenuifolia var.japonica (Maxim.) Kitagawa. The Shihokani wolfberry reported that Nepeta lavandulacea L.f. (=Schi-zone peta multifida Briq.) was a medicinal Nepeta species grown in the northeast. The inflorescence was thick and had more coats. It has not yet been investigated to confirm whether it is medicinal.