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目的:了解贵州省已婚育龄妇女生育意愿现状及探讨影响因素。方法:对贵阳市南明区、贵定县城关镇、镇宁县马厂乡已婚育龄妇女分层整群抽样,进行流行病问卷调查。资料分析方法采用频数分布分析和交叉表双因素的检验等。结果:大多数被调查已婚育龄妇女的生育意愿为二个孩子,“一男一女”的性别模式是最普遍的愿望,期望子女数城市组1.98,农村1.97,少数民族农村2.15,高于全国平均水平。农村少数民族地区群众偏好男孩的意愿不容忽视。结论:现行的生育政策与贵州省大多数群众的意愿还有一定的差距,当前贵州省农村、特别是少数民族地区人口控制的难点是弱化性别偏好。经济发展的高水平、社会养老保险制度的完善、男女接受教育机会的均等、妇女就业率的提高等等都有助于降低生育意愿。
Objective: To understand the status quo of fertility of married women of childbearing age in Guizhou Province and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was conducted in Nanming District of Guiyang City, Chengguan Township of Guiding County and Machang Township of Zhenning County, stratified cluster sampling to conduct epidemiological survey. Data analysis methods using frequency distribution analysis and crosstab two-factor test. Results: Most of the married women of childbearing age surveyed have the childbearing potential of two children. The “one man, one woman” gender model is the most common aspiration. The number of children in the urban group is expected to be 1.98, 1.97 in rural areas, 2.15 in rural areas of ethnic minorities, At the national average. The wishes of the masses in favor of boys in rural ethnic minority areas should not be overlooked. Conclusion: There is still a gap between the current birth policy and the wishes of most of the people in Guizhou Province. At present, the difficulty in population control in the rural areas of Guizhou Province, especially in ethnic minority areas, is to weaken the gender preference. The high level of economic development, the improvement of the social pension insurance system, the equal access of men and women to education, and the improvement of the employment rate of women all contribute to the reduction of the wishes of childbearing.