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[摘要]目的 探讨外科胆囊息肉病变的手术与时机。方法 收集我院收治胆囊息肉样病变25例,总结外科手术经验。结果 分析25例胆囊息肉病变,其中良性病变21例,恶性病变4例。结论 对胆囊息肉样病变手术时机选择进行探讨。根据胆囊息肉样病变恶变可能性的高危因素我们提出下列手术指征:(1)单发病变,大于10mm,蒂粗大者,尤其是位于胆囊颈部,年龄大于50岁。(2)多发病变,伴有胆囊结石,有症状,年龄大于50岁。(3)单发病变,小于10mm,无症状,年龄小于50岁,允许观察、随访;病变增大或形态有变化则应手术治疗。(4)多普勒彩超检查病变有丰富血供提示为恶性新生物。(5)CEA(肿瘤标记物),测值明显升高且除外其他胃肠道肿瘤者。(6)胆囊息肉样病变,有明显症状且反复发作者。(7)对直径小于5mm无症状病人应间隔3到5个月随访检查。一旦病变增大或症状明显亦须行手术治疗。(8)患者坚决要求手术治疗者。
关键词:胆囊息肉 胆囊炎 外科手术
Abstract: objective to study the surgical gallbladder polyps lesions operation and opportunity, our method were treated gallbladder polypoid lesion 25 cases, summarizes surgery. Analysis of the results of 25 cases gallbladder disease, including polyps benign lesions 21 patients with m alignant lesions, 4 cases. Conclusions the gallbladder polypoid lesion surgical timing are discussed. According to the gallbladder polypoid lesion high risk factors of the evil change possibility we put forward the following operation indications: (1) more than 10 mm, single lesions, bulky, especially in the's gallbladder neck, older than 50 years old. (2) of multiple lesions, with cystic and calculous, there are symptoms, older than 50 years old. (3) the pathological changes, less than 10 mm single, asymptomatic, age less than 50 years old, allow observation, follow-up; Or growth of the lesion or form have change should be surgery. (4) doppler color dopplar ultrasound examination lesions are rich blood for tips for m alignant new creatures. (5) the CEA (tumour marker), measured values and other significant increases in except the gastrointestinal tumors. (6) the gallbladder polypoid lesion, have obvious symptoms and repeated the hair. (7) diameter less than 5 mm of asymptomatic patients should be interval 3 to 5 months follow-up inspection. Once or growth of the lesion or symptoms should also go to surgery. (8). Patients insist on the surgical treatment [1].
中图分类号:R657.1.4 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1004-7484(2011)16-0039-02
1 临床资料
1.1一般资料
男25例,女15例,年龄23~70岁,平均46岁,40~50岁占60.4%。
1.2临床表现
1.2.1症状25例中有2例有上腹部不适,多为间歇性胀痛或隐痛,其中2例有明显的一过性绞痛史,向肩背部或腰背部放射。完全无症状17例,均在体检中查出。4例胆囊癌病人都有上腹部不同程度的反复出现的隐痛或胀痛,病程3个月至7年。
1.2.2 体征无明显异常者5例,右上腹或剑突下轻压痛者6例。4例恶性变者均有右上腹轻度压痛。
1.3 辅助检查
术前进行B超检查,25例诊为胆囊息肉,其中单发病变18例,多发病变3例。4例诊断为胆囊结石。
2 结果
所有病例均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术后病检证实良性病变20例占95.5%,其中胆固醇性息肉2例占84.4%,炎性息肉样病变2例占12.2%,乳头状腺瘤1例占3.3%。 所有病例均手术后临床治愈出院。
3 结论
胆囊息肉样病变(polypoid lesion of gallbladder)是泛指胆囊壁向腔内呈息肉状生长的所有非结石性病变总称。在我国,随着B超技术的广泛普及,胆囊息肉样病变检出率越来越高,有关胆囊息肉样病变手术指征的选择,是一个有争议的问题。一方面的意见认为,对凡是诊断为胆囊息肉样病变者都应行手术治疗。其理由为,息肉样病变迟早可能会增大,有恶变的隐患,应及早行手术切除为宜。有关文献中的专家经十五年理论研究和临床实践,发现胆囊息肉的形成,是由于人体内产生致息因子,引起胆固醇积聚、腺瘤突变,从而形成息肉,并在一定条件下,恶变为癌。他们还发现,临床上85%以上的患者,不需手术治疗且手术引起息肉的移位再生。大部分研究者却认为,应严格手术适应证,因为绝大部分胆囊息肉样病变为胆固醇息肉,是一种不会恶变的息肉,也无需手术治疗。 笔者认为,手术是根治胆囊息肉样病变的方法,但因其病变类型不同,大小不一,疾病转归亦不尽相同,因此并非所有胆囊息都需手术治疗。根据胆囊息肉样病变恶变可能性的高危因素我们提出下列手术指征:(1)单发病变,大于10mm,蒂粗大者,尤其是位于胆囊颈部,年龄大于50岁。(2)多发病变,伴有胆囊结石,有症状,年龄大于50岁。(3)单发病变,小于10mm,无症状,年龄小于50岁,允许观察、随访;病变增大或形态有变化则应手术治疗。(4)多普勒彩超检查病变有丰富血供提示为恶性新生物。(5)CEA(肿瘤标记物),测值明显升高且除外其他胃肠道肿瘤者。(6)胆囊息肉样病变,有明显症状且反复发作者。(7)对直径小于5mm无症状病人应间隔3到5个月随访检查。一旦病变增大或症状明显亦须行手术治疗。(8)患者坚决要求手术治疗者[1]。
参考文献
[1] 陈孝平.科学[M], 北京:人民卫生出版社,2002,365
[2] 段泉.外科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009,378
关键词:胆囊息肉 胆囊炎 外科手术
Abstract: objective to study the surgical gallbladder polyps lesions operation and opportunity, our method were treated gallbladder polypoid lesion 25 cases, summarizes surgery. Analysis of the results of 25 cases gallbladder disease, including polyps benign lesions 21 patients with m alignant lesions, 4 cases. Conclusions the gallbladder polypoid lesion surgical timing are discussed. According to the gallbladder polypoid lesion high risk factors of the evil change possibility we put forward the following operation indications: (1) more than 10 mm, single lesions, bulky, especially in the's gallbladder neck, older than 50 years old. (2) of multiple lesions, with cystic and calculous, there are symptoms, older than 50 years old. (3) the pathological changes, less than 10 mm single, asymptomatic, age less than 50 years old, allow observation, follow-up; Or growth of the lesion or form have change should be surgery. (4) doppler color dopplar ultrasound examination lesions are rich blood for tips for m alignant new creatures. (5) the CEA (tumour marker), measured values and other significant increases in except the gastrointestinal tumors. (6) the gallbladder polypoid lesion, have obvious symptoms and repeated the hair. (7) diameter less than 5 mm of asymptomatic patients should be interval 3 to 5 months follow-up inspection. Once or growth of the lesion or symptoms should also go to surgery. (8). Patients insist on the surgical treatment [1].
中图分类号:R657.1.4 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1004-7484(2011)16-0039-02
1 临床资料
1.1一般资料
男25例,女15例,年龄23~70岁,平均46岁,40~50岁占60.4%。
1.2临床表现
1.2.1症状25例中有2例有上腹部不适,多为间歇性胀痛或隐痛,其中2例有明显的一过性绞痛史,向肩背部或腰背部放射。完全无症状17例,均在体检中查出。4例胆囊癌病人都有上腹部不同程度的反复出现的隐痛或胀痛,病程3个月至7年。
1.2.2 体征无明显异常者5例,右上腹或剑突下轻压痛者6例。4例恶性变者均有右上腹轻度压痛。
1.3 辅助检查
术前进行B超检查,25例诊为胆囊息肉,其中单发病变18例,多发病变3例。4例诊断为胆囊结石。
2 结果
所有病例均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术后病检证实良性病变20例占95.5%,其中胆固醇性息肉2例占84.4%,炎性息肉样病变2例占12.2%,乳头状腺瘤1例占3.3%。 所有病例均手术后临床治愈出院。
3 结论
胆囊息肉样病变(polypoid lesion of gallbladder)是泛指胆囊壁向腔内呈息肉状生长的所有非结石性病变总称。在我国,随着B超技术的广泛普及,胆囊息肉样病变检出率越来越高,有关胆囊息肉样病变手术指征的选择,是一个有争议的问题。一方面的意见认为,对凡是诊断为胆囊息肉样病变者都应行手术治疗。其理由为,息肉样病变迟早可能会增大,有恶变的隐患,应及早行手术切除为宜。有关文献中的专家经十五年理论研究和临床实践,发现胆囊息肉的形成,是由于人体内产生致息因子,引起胆固醇积聚、腺瘤突变,从而形成息肉,并在一定条件下,恶变为癌。他们还发现,临床上85%以上的患者,不需手术治疗且手术引起息肉的移位再生。大部分研究者却认为,应严格手术适应证,因为绝大部分胆囊息肉样病变为胆固醇息肉,是一种不会恶变的息肉,也无需手术治疗。 笔者认为,手术是根治胆囊息肉样病变的方法,但因其病变类型不同,大小不一,疾病转归亦不尽相同,因此并非所有胆囊息都需手术治疗。根据胆囊息肉样病变恶变可能性的高危因素我们提出下列手术指征:(1)单发病变,大于10mm,蒂粗大者,尤其是位于胆囊颈部,年龄大于50岁。(2)多发病变,伴有胆囊结石,有症状,年龄大于50岁。(3)单发病变,小于10mm,无症状,年龄小于50岁,允许观察、随访;病变增大或形态有变化则应手术治疗。(4)多普勒彩超检查病变有丰富血供提示为恶性新生物。(5)CEA(肿瘤标记物),测值明显升高且除外其他胃肠道肿瘤者。(6)胆囊息肉样病变,有明显症状且反复发作者。(7)对直径小于5mm无症状病人应间隔3到5个月随访检查。一旦病变增大或症状明显亦须行手术治疗。(8)患者坚决要求手术治疗者[1]。
参考文献
[1] 陈孝平.科学[M], 北京:人民卫生出版社,2002,365
[2] 段泉.外科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009,378