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第二国际时期民族问题成为欧洲各国社会民主党所争论的焦点问题,其中影响较大的是由奥地利马克思主义者奥托·鲍威尔所阐述的民族文化自治理论。列宁在革命立场上主要从资产阶级民族主义、唯心主义以及政治上的机会主义等方面对其进行了三重批判。列宁的批判不但具有无产阶级革命的政治意义,而且极大地推动了广大殖民地国家的民族解放和无产阶级革命运动。而随着社会时代条件的变化,我们也应当认识到民族文化自治理论对于认识民族以及解决民族问题所具有的价值和意义。
The ethnic issues in the second international era became the focus of debate among the social democrats in European countries. Among them, the more influential is the theory of national cultural autonomy set forth by the Austrian Marxist Otto Powell. Lenin, in his revolutionary standpoint, critically criticized it from such aspects as bourgeois nationalism, idealism and political opportunism. Lenin’s critique not only possessed the political significance of the proletarian revolution, but also greatly promoted the national liberation and the proletarian revolutionary movement of the vast majority of colonial countries. With the change of social conditions, we should also recognize the value and significance of the theory of national cultural autonomy for understanding the nation and solving the ethnic issues.