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肾脏除了具有排泄尿液,调节酸硷度,水和电解质的平衡等功能外,还是一个重要的内分泌器官,能产生一系列激素类的生理活性物质,其中研究较多,临床上重要性较大的有:肾素,前列腺素,红细胞生成素和1,25—二羟胆钙化醇四种,现分述如下。一、肾素(Renin)1.肾素—血管紧张素系统(RAS)的主要成分及其功能肾素是第一个分离出来的肾脏激素,为肾小球旁器中的颗粒细胞所分泌,也有认为致密斑具有生成肾素的作用。除肾脏外,在子宫、胎盘、大脑、脑干、下丘脑、松果体、垂体及肾上腺中可找到类似肾素的物质,称“肾外肾素”。
In addition to renal excretion of urine, regulating pH, water and electrolyte balance and other functions, but also an important endocrine organ, can produce a series of hormone physiologically active substances, of which more research, clinical importance Are: renin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol four, are described below. 1. Renin 1. The main components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its function Renin is the first isolated kidney hormone that is secreted by granulosa cells in the glomerular vessels, It is also believed that the compact spot has the effect of producing renin. In addition to the kidneys, similar renin-like substances can be found in the uterus, placenta, brain, brain stem, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary and adrenal gland, called “renin.”