急性排斥反应(细胞性免疫)可对移植肾的功能造成严重损害。能早期诊断和及时处理急性排斥反应,对保护移植肾的功能及长期存活具有重要意义。随着发生急性排斥反应的移植肾组织结构的改变,尿液内也相应地出现各种不同类型的细胞,有些细胞是免疫反应时所特有的。因此,利用尿液细胞学方法,可为急性排斥反应的早期诊断提供重要的依据。 Acute rejection (cellular immunity) can cause serious damage to the function of the transplant kidneys. To early diagnosis and timely treatment of acute rejection, the protection of graft function and long-term survival is of great significance. As the structure of the transplanted kidneys undergoes acute rejection, various types of cells appear in the urine, some of which are unique to the immune response. Therefore, the use of urine cytology can provide an important basis for the early diagnosis of acute rejection.